Wednesday 25 September 1661
By coach with Sir W. Pen to Covent Garden. By the way, upon my desire, he told me that I need not fear any reflection upon my Lord for their ill success at Argier, for more could not be done than was done. I went to my cozen, Thos. Pepys, there, and talked with him a good while about our country business, who is troubled at my uncle Thomas his folly, and so we parted; and then meeting Sir R. Slingsby in St. Martin’s Lane, he and I in his coach through the Mewes, which is the way that now all coaches are forced to go, because of a stop at Charing Cross, by reason of a drain there to clear the streets. To Whitehall, and there to Mr. Coventry, and talked with him, and thence to my Lord Crew’s and dined with him, where I was used with all imaginable kindness both from him and her. And I see that he is afraid that my Lord’s reputacon will a little suffer in common talk by this late success; but there is no help for it now.
The Queen of England (as she is now owned and called) I hear doth keep open Court, and distinct at Lisbon.
Hence, much against my nature and will, yet such is the power of the Devil over me I could not refuse it, to the Theatre, and saw “The Merry Wives of Windsor,” ill done. And that ended, with Sir W. Pen and Sir G. More to the tavern, and so home with him by coach, and after supper to prayers and to bed. In full quiet of mind as to thought, though full of business, blessed be God.
29 Annotations
First Reading
Pedro. • Link
"I hear doth keep open Court, and distinct at Lisbon"
Could this be interpreted as meaning that Catherine enjoys the limelight, and revels in her new-found identity? Maybe the start of many misconceptions.
Pedro. • Link
"Hence, much against my nature and will, yet such is the power of the Devil over me I could not refuse it"
One can imagine the battle of Sam's will against the Devil, not to go to the theatre, but when the Devil starts on Sam's nature he has no chance!
Leo Starrenburg • Link
"In full quiet of mind as to thought, though full of business, blessed be God."
A perfect state of mind to end the day with, all is well and it will be better tomorrow.
Louis • Link
If memory serves, Pepys hasn't seen a Shakespeare play yet that he has cared for, though if we saw the versions he did the anomaly might be explained.
daniel • Link
indeed, sam does not seem fond of the Bard.
Also, theaters have just be opened and the companies probably still need to work though stagecraft and artistic problems for this new demanding audience. Sam could be noticing technical errors or uninspired direction from green-horn or out-of-shape players.
Pauline • Link
"Hence, much against my nature and will, yet such is the power of the Devil over me I could not refuse it, to the Theatre....and to bed. In full quiet of mind as to thought...blessed be God."
Do you suppose he is smiling as he writes this "against my nature" part? He sure shows no remorse as he tucks himself in. At times he does seem genuinely repentant about drinking etc., but here I wonder if he isn't revelling in the deviltry of the theatre. "The devil made me do it" kind of humor, with reference to all those years when theatre was banned. I think he merrily accepts his personal interest in the theatre. And he may be playing on the "guilt" of going, once again, without Elizabeth, who has made an issue of being included.
daniel • Link
"devil made me do it"
hmm, i am not so sure. since Sam mentions his comflicts of conscience so often (and more and more, if i remember correctly) i would suspect that the remorse is genuine.
GrahamT • Link
"Devil made me do it":
As Oscar Wilde was to say some years later: "I can resist everything except temptation."
Grahamt • Link
Forced to divert because of road works at Charing Cross.
The more things change, the more they stay the same.
E • Link
Interesting what he does when he returns from a few days away -- a round of talking to people to catch up with the news, and to impart some to Cousin Thomas.
Xjy • Link
"devil made me do it"
I’m with Daniel here. The great thing about Sam is that he is so naive about/indifferent to his deeper motivations. He’s got such a pious, subordinate NCO-like veneration for his betters (all those posh officers) that he thinks all he has to do is to be good and keep his nose clean and all will be well. The main chance is there to be taken, and the only problem is that there are so many others out to take it besides Sam. However, as should be obvious to those accustomed to the mindset and worldview of the mass of Telegraph readers, the world doesn’t work the way it’s supposed to… One little slip, and you plummet into the open cesspool of the News of the World… The upper ether is out of bounds ;-) (I mean, who actually reads Le Monde Diplomatique??)
Sam is our Eyes-Wide-Shut reporter from Restoration England…
Harry • Link
he told me that I need not fear any reflection upon my Lord for their ill success at Argier, for more could not be done than was done.
Can anyone throw more light on this comment? What was he trying to achieve and in what manner did he fail to do so?
Ruben • Link
"he told me that I need not fear any reflection upon my Lord for their ill success at Argier, for more could not be done than was done."
Pepys anxiety is: if "my Lord" falls out of favor with the King because of a mediocre campaign in Algiers, then Pepys is finished.
Sir W. Pen reassured him that there is no purge in the near future.
helena murphy • Link
To add a contemporary touch,Sandwich was also trying to achieve the release of British hostages captured by Algerian pirates who had the full support of the local rulers for their maritime activities. Hostage taking was a lucrative source of income for Algeria and Libya, satellites of the Ottoman empire ,right throughout the 17th century and into the 18th century.
Robert Gertz • Link
One wonders how conqueror of Jamaica, Admiral Sir William Penn felt about being left on land during the Algiers campaign. He seems quite content in his conversation to Sam, perhaps knowing the odds against a major success and for a disappointment were high...
Much better to be in London attending "Merry Wives..." (which I assume he did as he seems to like theater as much as Sam) and to the tavern...
JWB • Link
Tangier, Montagu instead of Penn
Montagu was familiar with Tangier having scouted the place for Cromwell with intent to establish base at entrance of Med.
David Ross McIrvine • Link
JOYCE TIME
"As for fay Elizabeth, otherwise carrotty Bess, the gross virgin who inspired the Merry Wives of Windsor, let some meinherr from Almany grope his life long for deephid meanings in the depths of the buckbasket."
*Ulysses*
Sam never liked this play and neither it seems did Stephen.
andy • Link
By coach with Sir W. Pen to Covent Garden
wasn't this the chap who was the subject of Sam's tomfoolery? See 1 September:
Here we were very merry with Sir W. Pen about the loss of his tankard, though all be but a cheat, and he do not yet understand it;
I bet that was an interesting journey...!
And yes, roadworks at Charing Cross, again...
Robert Gertz • Link
"By coach with Sir W. Pen to Covent Garden...wasn't this the chap who was the subject of Sam's tomfoolery?”
Sir Will P continues to show an almost amazing tolerance for young Pepys the landlubber… But then, dealing with his own son Will the Quaker had probably caused him to learn a degree of patience.
Pedro. • Link
"I need not fear any reflection upon my Lord for their ill success at Argier, for more could not be done than was done."
As Ruben says, Sam is uneasy, the Letters may reflect the beginning of the realisation that Tangier is not all that that it's cracked up to be. Charles called it a jewel of immense value in the royal diadem, but the Portuguese were glad to get rid of it, being continually attacked by the Moors. Montagu had been sent to take possession until the arrival of the garrison (January 1662) and on arrival Montagu found the Portuguese under pressure and put 300 men ashore. At this point in the Diary we do not know happens, but the old sea dog Pen may know more than Sam, and does not seem very worried.
Second Reading
Terry Foreman • Link
the Mewes ~ stables
There are Mews of various sorts north and northwest of Charing Cross
http://www.motco.com/map/81002/Se…
The first set of stables to be referred to as a mews was at Charing Cross at the western end of The Strand. The royal hawks were kept at this site from 1377 and the name derives from the fact that they were confined there at moulting (or “mew”) time. / The building was destroyed by fire in 1534 and rebuilt as a stables, keeping its former name when it acquired this new function. ... / This building was usually known as the King's Mews, but was also sometimes referred to as the Royal Mews, the Royal Stables, or as the Queen's Mews when there was a woman on the throne. It was rebuilt again in 1732 to the designs of William Kent.... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy…
Terry Foreman • Link
"The Queen of England (as she is now owned and called) I hear doth keep open Court, and distinct at Lisbon."
Until now the Infanta Catherine had lived in strict seclusion under the guardianship of her mother the Queen Regent. But Charles II had declared her Queen on 22 June and signed the marriage treaty the day after, They were not married until 21 May 1662. (L&M note)
Terry Foreman • Link
"he and I in his coach through the Mewes, which is the way that now all coaches are forced to go, because of a stop at Charing Cross, by reason of a drain"
L&M: Either one of the sewers carrying away surface waters or a street gutter.
San Diego Sarah • Link
That L&M quote initially puzzled me, Terry.
Mewes exist today. They are small streets with what were carriage houses and stables on either side, and rooms above for either hay or where the grooms/coachmen slept, and they run parallel to larger streets where the homes of the wealthier lived. It makes sense that this arrangement existed in Pepys' day, both before and after the Fire.
Today, mewes homes are delightful, expensive, little houses in little streets with little traffic and a lot of geraniums.
So the note refers to a major surface gutter, which drained water and waste downhill into one of London's now-forgotten rivers, and ultimately into the Thames.
Sewers don't come into the conversation, as they are underground big drains which take waste water to treatment plants.
The problem Pepys refers to happens when an open drain crosses an intersection: the wheels of the cross traffic have to be able to bridge the indentation. If the drain is too wide, those wooden wheels could "bottom out" and possibly jam into it, hurting people, horses and coaches, and creating traffic jams.
We have this problem today in San Diego; because we don't get much rain, these street ditches are everywhere, and year round do terrible things to springs and suspension.
San Diego Sarah • Link
Back to the mews:
Oxford English Dictionary online, accessed 17 February 2019 says: "The name mews was taken up for domestic stables in the city during the 17th century."
Considering how much trouble Pepys later has finding somewhere to park his new chariot, mews were needed.
My guess is that designing neighborhoods with mews was something that happened as the new suburbs around Westminster were built. They may have happened in the City after the fire, but sadly not much remains for us to see from that time, and reports I've seen is that people rebuilt on the original footprint if they could, with internal courtyards rather than streets.
The Pepys version of the Royal Mews had been at Charing Cross since 1548. I wonder how big an establishment this was. I haven't been able to find a picture of it on Pinterest or elsewhere.
But while looking I found this photo of a 17th century coach, which is more elegant than I had imagined. The interesting thing to me are the small front wheels and the big back wheels. Those small wheels would bottom out in a ditch very easily.
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/482…
Third Reading
San Diego Sarah • Link
'"I hear doth keep open Court, and distinct at Lisbon"
'Could this be interpreted as meaning that Catherine enjoys the limelight, and revels in her new-found identity?'
Catherine was brought up and educated in a convent, close to the Palace. She came out when her engagement was announced.
Charles II was anxious to get his hands on her, but Queen Mother Luisa Guzman apparently decided to teach Catherine how to be a Queen before sending her off to England. Hence she has her own Court. It must have been a big adjustment.
As to whether or not Catherine 'enjoyed the limelight' or 'revelled' in her new-found independence, who knows. I suspect it was overwhelming and, at least at first, unwanted.
I remember an interview with Fergie where she talked about how irritating she found having ladies-in-waiting. She couldn't even pick up her own tissue if she dropped one. For Catherine it must have been hard: from the simple life surrounded by nuns with Latin and Greek studies and chapel 3x a day to a Court, and bowing men and armed guards everywhere.
San Diego Sarah • Link
From Sandwich's log, at Oeiras near Lisbon:
September 25, Wednesday.
Capt. Finch with the Forester came into the river to us.
Copied from
The Journal of Edward Mountagu,
First Earl of Sandwich
Admiral and General-at-Sea 1659 - 1665
Edited by RC Anderson
Printed for the Navy Records Society
MDCCCCXXIX
Section III - Mediterranean 1661/62
@@@
The river Targus https://www.pepysdiary.com/encycl…
Stephane Chenard • Link
What Sam "hears" and duly relays on how Catherine de Braganza is really truly the Queen now, is an echo from a slightly panicky show of Queenness that the Portuguese have organized in recent weeks. On October 8 (new style, Sept 28 Pepys time), the Gazette de France reported, in a dispatch from London and so reflecting some of what Sam would have heard, that "whereas the rumor has circulated that this Wedding was delayed, or broken, mainly in Lisbon, His Majesty [Alfonso IV] of Portugal was forced to have this Princess [Catherine] shown in public, in her quality as Spouse of the King of Great Britain, to appease the People, who were beginning to murmur, that they had been informed of this Alliance only to give them the hope of gaining a great support, against their Enemies".
The latter being, of course, the Spaniards, whom the Portuguese are currently pitted against in an increasingly ferocious war of independence, and the "support" presumably expected to be shiploads of English soldiers. Some of the anxiety comes from Sandwich, expected to arrive in grand style to whisk Catherine off to Westminster Abbey, still not showing up as he's delayed by the business in Algiers, and by being in Spain - a detail which must have resonated quite a bit around the Lisbon taverns - for his "health". As early as September 9 (new style), Francesco Giavarina, the Venetian ambassador in London, had noted how "the Court [in London] wonders at the delay and is anxiously waiting for certainty (...) about the marriage". British officialdom seems to have a reputation for slowness and procrastination, but the stasis, as it followed the wedding's tonitruant initial announcement is of course not lost on the Spaniards, who could be expected to throw more gold and a bit of disinformation at the problem. On September 21 his colleague in Madrid, Giovanni Cornaro, noted that "some glimmerings of hope survive about the execution of the agreements between Portugal and England", i.e. that they could still fall through. Two days later, Giavarina reports "nothing from Portugal in spite of favourable winds, causing suspicion and much talk". One week later, "the absence of news from Portugal continues amid the usual astonishment and suspicion".
Stephane Chenard • Link
But so, all this horrible uncertainty has been blown away by just showing Catherine as the QoE. One week later the Gazette has got hold of yet another English dispatch, which reports news from Lisbon that the public showing has worked out, and "the Infant of Portugal having been shown to the People, as the Spouse of His Britannic Majesty, they felt so great a joy, that they expressed it for three days, by singular rejoicings". More proof that the Wedding hasn't been "broken": "the Queen Regent her Mother, even now gives her [Catherine] her right hand to hold, in all Ceremonies, where she [Catherine] is ordinarily dressed in the English style". The hand, the dress - what more do you need?
An appearance by the Earl of Sandwich in his admiral's cuirass, maybe? His diary records that he has in fact been in Portugal since September 9 (old style), and had already met Catherine at least twice while the envoys were still speculating on a broken alliance. But he seems to have kept a sufficiently low profile to not be mentioned in either the press (such as it is) or in diplomatic cables. We wonder why, given the politics and My Lord not being especially shy.
We'll let our Society's imagination run wild on those "singular rejoicings", but also wonder if Catherine was shown to the revelling crowd from a balcony - a tiny silhouette seen from the back of the Praça do Comércio, perhaps recognizable only by her distinctive hat and hand-wave - or just showed up in some salon in her "English style", and how widely Portuguese opinion really knew or cared about any of this. Filling the foreign gazettes with the news was certainly part of the job, however, and so that's done. The ordinary Joãos and Lourenços who do the independence war, also have good reason to care, as noted. That "the People (...) murmur[ed]" that all the hope-giving was just to trick them into taking that hill, suggest that of late, as the battles got bloodier, there had been less than perfect trust and confidence between them and Alfonso. Amazing what one photo of a smiling princess on the magazine covers can do, no?