"... that Holland do endeavour to persuade the King of France to break peace with us: that the Dutch will, without doubt, have sixty sail of ships out the next year; so knows not what will become of us, but hopes the Parliament will find money for us to have a fleete."
So last year Louis XIV invaded the Spanish Netherlands as per a winko agreement with Charles II. The Dutch ... meaning the Dutch Republic, I suppose ... are now asking Louis to back their plans to send another fleet against England in violation of their recent peace agreement.
Charles II is financially held captive by Parliament with zero funds, and can do nothing to prepare for a Dutch invasion, with or without the aid of France.
I completely understand why Pepys would welcome someone ... anyone ... being in charge who will appreciate that time is awasting, and enable him to do his job by providing him with some money. But come 1672, I suspect even Pepys will appreciate the error of the "Charles In Charge" idea.
Towards the end of the 17th century, footmen began to do duties indoors, and one of their first (and surviving) indoor tasks was to clean all the boots and shoes of the family before they were required, in other words, at night. This could be a long task, as several different pairs of shoes were worn each day by each person or guest.
Shoe polish was made of 'charcoal, spermaceti oil, treacle and white wine vinegar' in the 17th century.
Bibliography The Duties of Servants Reprinted from 1894 publication by Copper Beech Publishing, Ltd. Early Modern England, A Social History - Sharpe https://englishhistoryauthors.blo….
"This day Gilsthrop is buried, who hath made all the late discourse of the great discovery of 65,000l., of which the King hath been wronged."
Too bad, Pepys ... another witness lost who could have testified to what Sir William Batten knew, and when he knew it. Did Gilsthrop tell you where the 65,000l. was buried? Nooooo ...
Sergeants at Arms at Court 1660–1837 1660 08 June Bulstrode, H. 1660 09 June Topham, J. 1660 11 June Harsnet, R. 1660 12 June Blaney, T. 1660 12 June Skynner, W. 1660 12 June Thorne, R. 1660 14 June Charnock, G. 1660 16 June Bettenson, J. 1660 19 June Bishop, R. 1660 20 June Turst, S. 1660 20 June Barton, J. 1660 22 June Langston, F. 1660 23 June Ward, J. 1660 25 June Bull, M. 1660 25 June Seale, G. 1660 29 June Beck, J. 1660 30 June Middleton, J. 1660 02 July Barcroft, J. 1660 20 July Haddon, A. 1660 22 Nov. Williamson, E. 1661 24 Sept. Gyde, R. 1662 08 Feb. Fitzsimmons, O. 1662 31 Dec. Harrington, B. 1663 21 Feb. Payne, T. 1664 14 Mar. Houlker, W. 1666 15 Oct. Kent, R. 1667 23 Dec. Smith, G. 1669 07 Aug. Charnock, R.
Sergeant at Arms in Ordinary w/o Fee 1666–1676; 1681–1682 n.d. Meux, - 1666 16 Oct. Barcroft, J. 1670 01 Apr. Kent, R. 1676 09 Aug. Deerham, H. (in Extraordinary) 1681 18 May Gardiner, T. (in Extraordinary)
Sergeant at Arms to the Lord Chancellor 1660–1837 1660 Leigh, H. 1673 10 July Charnock, Sir G. (joint) 1673 10 July Charnock, R. (joint)
Sergeant at Arms to the Lord Chancellor in Extraordinary 1668–73 1668 14 Apr. Wood, E. 1671 21 Feb. Charnock, Sir G.
Sergeant at Arms to the Speaker 1660–1837 1660 25 Apr. Norfolk, J. 1675 08 Oct. Bishop, W.
Sergeant at Arms to the Treasury 1660–1832 [1660] Dandy, E., sen. 1660 13 July Warner, T. 1663 27 June Stephens, F. 1673 12 June Ramsey, J.
Sergeant at Arms to the City of London 1660–1782 1660 Barker, M. 1672 21 Aug. Mann, W.
The sergeants at arms to the court generally waited in the presence chamber, carrying the maces before the King when he processed to the chapel or the House of Lords. As this implies, they assisted in providing security in the public rooms, and might be required to arrest or detain malefactors. They were appointed by lord chamberlain's warrant. As a general rule their appointments were embodied in letters patent under the great seal. They included a corps of sergeants attached to the court, designated in the lists below simply `sergeants at arms' and individual sergeants serving particular officers.
They all enjoyed the same basic remuneration. This originally consisted of a salary of 12d a day and an allowance in lieu of diet of 15d a day. In 1663 these sums were raised to 3s and 2s 6d respectively amounting to an annual total of £100 7s 6d. This was paid at the Exchequer except in the cases of the lord chancellor's sergeant who was paid at the hanaper and the city sergeant who was paid from the revenues of London and Middlesex. The sergeants at arms were provided with maces and collars and were also allowed riding wages, fees of honour and fees on the commitment of prisoners.
Originally numbering 16, the court sergeants were reduced to eight in 1685.
These offices were granted for life until 1677 and during pleasure thereafter with the exception of Edmund Williamson who was appointed for life in 1698.
The sergeant at arms attending the lord chancellor was appointed for life until 1713 and during good behavior thereafter. He was regarded as an officer of the House of Lords and from 1693 received an allowance of 10s a day for every day for which the House sat.
The office of sergeant at arms attending the speaker of the House of Commons was held for life until 1693 and during good behavior thereafter. The position was complicated by the interest which the House of Commons took in the identity of the individual whom they regarded as their own officer.
At the Restoration in 1660 four individuals, Michael Crake, Edward Birkhead, Richard Bishop and William Bishop, were living and in possession of letters patent from Charles I granting the office to them successively. Ignoring their interests, the House of its own motion appointed James Norfolk to the post on 25 April 1660.
By letters patent of 7 May 1661 the Crown suspended the previous grantees from the execution of the office and granted the reversion to Norfolk who was formally admitted on 23 May following.
The sergeant at arms to the Treasury held office for life until 1684 and during pleasure thereafter.
The office of sergeant at arms to the city of London was held on a life tenure until 1672 and during pleasure thereafter.
Sir Robert Bruce Cotton MP’s parliamentary career belongs to the Stuart period, although he was returned to Queen Elizabeth’s last Parliament for an Isle of Wight borough by Sir George Carey, to whom he may have been introduced by Thomas James. Bodley’s first librarian.
Cotton later put Thomas James’ nephew in charge of his own library.
A bill had been introduced into the 1597 Parliament to deal with Cotton’s lands, to which were appointed William Cotton and (Sir) Robert Wroth I, father of the second Newtown MP in 1601.
Sir Robert Bruce Cotton MP died 6 May, 1631 and was buried at Connington.
Since Cotton died long before the diary, here's a link to his Parliamentary bio for you to read if interested: https://www.historyofparliamenton…
Sir Robert Cotton (1571–1631) was a politician and antiquarian scholar, who began to assemble his collection of manuscripts as early as 1588, aged 17. Cotton's collecting interests focused on works central to the study of British history, such as chronicles, cartularies, maps and state papers.
The importance of these manuscripts for our knowledge of the past cannot be overstated. For example, Robert Cotton brought together the largest collection of Anglo-Saxon manuscripts in the world, including two early copies of Bede's Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum and five manuscripts of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, as well as the earliest surviving Anglo-Saxon charter, dating from AD 679.
After Robert Cotton's death, the library passed in turn to his son, Sir Thomas Cotton (d. 1662), and grandson, Sir John Cotton (d. 1702).
In 1702, the Cotton library was acquired by the British government, the first occasion that any library passed into national ownership in Britain – an important step in the creation of a national, public library.
Ever since the library's formation, the Cotton manuscripts have been made available for consultation by scholars worldwide.
You can view many of the Cotton manuscripts on the British Library's Digitized Manuscripts site. They recommend you type into the Manuscripts’ search engine on the homepage 'Cotton MS' or 'Cotton Ch' in order to see those currently available; more are being added all the time.
We read last month that Charles II had grown cold towards Castlemaine ... maybe this is why:
"Henry 'the little' Jermyn's seduction of Barbara Villiers Palmer, Countess of Castlemaine was later described in all its erotic detail by Barbara’s lesbian lover, Delarivierre Manley. The affair, which ran parallel to Barbara's relationship with Charles II, almost certainly produced a child, the Duke of Grafton, whose paternity is usually attributed to Charles II."
Charles II, whose restoration was celebrated by an unsuccessful expedition against Algiers under Admiral Edward Montagu, Earl of Sandwich. This was soon followed by another, with a more favorable result, under Admiral Lawson.44
[44] Rapin's History of England, vol. ii. pp. 858, 864.
By a treaty bearing date May 3, 1662, the Algerian 'government' expressly stipulated, "that all subjects of the King of Great Britain, now slaves in Algiers, or any of the territories thereof, be set at liberty, and released, upon paying the price they were first sold for in the market; and for the time to come no subjects of his Majesty shall be bought or sold, or made slaves of, in Algiers or its territories."45
[45] Recueil des Traitez de Paix, tom. iv. p. 43.
Other expeditions and other treaties followed in 1664, 1672, 1682, and 1686 — showing, by their constant recurrence and iteration, the little impression they produced upon the Algerians.46
[46] Recueil des Traitez de Paix, tom. iv. pp. 307, 476, 703, 756.
Insensible to justice and freedom, the Algerians held in slight regard the obligations of fidelity to any stipulations in restraint of robbery and slaveholding.
During a long succession of years, complaints of the sufferings of English captives continued to be made.
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/35… Title: White Slavery in the Barbary States Author: Charles Sumner Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 LONDON: LOW AND COMPANY. 1853.
Roger L'Estrange was a Royalist and a member of the Church of England. He was acutely aware that Charles II had brought back his church, and so they were closely allied. This somewhat simplistic point of view led him to translate and love Seneca, especially during the Popish Plot; people either loved him or hated him.
L’ESTRANGE HIS LIFE: PUBLIC AND PERSONA IN THE LIFE AND CAREER OF SIR ROGER L’ESTRANGE, 1616-1704 BY DARRICK N. TAYLOR Copyright 2011 https://www.researchgate.net/publ…'Estrange_His_Life_Public_and_Persona_in_the_Life_and_Career_of_Sir_Roger_L'Estrange_1616-1704
“Think your way through difficulties: harsh conditions can be softened, restricted ones can be widened, and heavy ones can weigh less on those who know how to bear them.”
“Let all your activity be directed to some object, let it have some end in view.”
“Often a very old man has no other proof of his long life than his age.”
“We say that nothing happens to the wise man against his expectation.”
“Believe me it is better to understand the balance-sheet of one’s own life than of the corn trade.”
“We are not given a short life but we make it short, and we are not Ill-supplied but wasteful of it.” https://dailystoic.com/seneca/
Liz, Pepys does mention arriving at people's homes, and finding the table full, or some other reason it wasn't appropriate to join the group. He leaves, and it doesn't appear to be considered a blunder or ill-mannered on either side. I suspect the doorman/maid says something like, "Good afternoon, Mr. Pepys. I'm sorry, but dinner has begun and the table is full. Perhaps tomorrow ...?"
And I also appreciate the BBC maintaining their links and podcasts for years.
"Williamson was Secretary to Arlington, whose political security was in jeopardy in this crisis."
I should think so. All year I have been wondering at the lack of actionable intelligence, or the wanton ignoring of the intelligence. Pepys was reporting that the Dutch were off the coast, but Charles never alerted his volunteers to round up their usual suspects and prepare to repel the invaders, or recalled his available ships which he had stationed in Southampton, Portsmouth, Hull, Leith, etc. The debacle at Chatham squarely falls on Secretary of State Henry Bennet, Lord Arlington in my book. (It must be the King's bad councilors again! Sound familiar?)
Diary of Ralph Josselin (Private Collection) 6.6.1667 (Thursday 6 June 1667) document 70015520 June. 6 the Dutch on Harwich coast. Thursday – June. 12. Wednesday. they attempt Chatham river to destroy our great ships with success and continued their pleasure. June. 27. they came up near Gravesend, they put a stop to all trade, and forced us to defend the whole shore. to our charge and amazement.
Bear baiting and animal fights were banned as public entertainment during the Interregnum, and reinstated by Charles II. Both Pepys and Evelyn document attending at least one afternoon at the Bear Garden.
"Near the end of his 1606 play Macbeth, William Shakespeare included a scene in which the doomed title character says that his enemies, “have tied me to a stake; I cannot fly, But, bear-like, I must fight the course.”
"The line might seem inconsequential to modern readers, but for the audiences who watched the Bard’s plays 400 years ago, it would have been an obvious reference to one of the most popular pastimes of the day: bear-baiting.
"Many of the same Londoners who flocked to Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre were also patrons of the nearby “Bear Gardens,” where bears, dogs, bulls, chimps and other creatures routinely fought to the death in front of roaring crowds.
"Along with the theater, animal blood sports were among the most beloved entertainments of 16th and 17th century England. In London, the shows took place in the seamy Bankside district, which was home to several purpose-built arenas.
“There,” wrote one 1639 visitor, “you may hear the shouting of men, the barking of dogs, the growling of the bears, and the bellowing of the bulls, mixed in a wild but natural harmony.”
Vocabulary: Dr. Ros Barber recommends the following site for information on the origins of words, and what was correctly used when. She is a senior lecturer in the Department of English and Comparative Literature at Goldsmiths, University of London, and Director of Research at the Shakespearean Authorship Trust and is three times winner (2011, 2014, 2018) of the Hoffman Prize for a distinguished work on Christopher Marlowe.
The Historical Thesaurus of English is available from the University of Glasgow. Their thesaurus allows you to find out how language is used through the ages. As an example, you can search “toilet” and find out how to refer to that in 1563, or parts of a person’s body in 1603, etc.
Vocabulary: Dr. Ros Barber recommends the following site for information on the origins of words, and what was correctly used when. She is a senior lecturer in the Department of English and Comparative Literature at Goldsmiths, University of London, and Director of Research at the Shakespearean Authorship Trust and is three times winner (2011, 2014, 2018) of the Hoffman Prize for a distinguished work on Christopher Marlowe.
The Historical Thesaurus of English is available from the University of Glasgow. Their thesaurus allows you to find out how language is used through the ages. As an example, you can search “toilet” and find out how to refer to that in 1563, or parts of a person’s body in 1603, etc.
Since we are discussing vocabulary, Dr. Ros Barber recommends the following site for information on the origins of words, and what was correctly used when. She is a senior lecturer in the Department of English and Comparative Literature at Goldsmiths, University of London, and Director of Research at the Shakespearean Authorship Trust and is three times winner (2011, 2014, 2018) of the Hoffman Prize for a distinguished work on Christopher Marlowe.
The Historical Thesaurus of English is available from the University of Glasgow. Their thesaurus allows you to find out how language is used through the ages. As an example, you can search “toilet” and find out how to refer to that in 1563, or parts of a person’s body in 1603, etc.
"Next morning, I heard he was gone; though I am persuaded that, had he gone sooner, though but to Cornbury, and there lain quiet, it would have satisfied the Parliament. That which exasperated them was his presuming to stay and contest the accusation as long as it was possible: and they were on the point of sending him to the Tower."
Comments
Second Reading
About Friday 6 December 1667
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... that Holland do endeavour to persuade the King of France to break peace with us: that the Dutch will, without doubt, have sixty sail of ships out the next year; so knows not what will become of us, but hopes the Parliament will find money for us to have a fleete."
So last year Louis XIV invaded the Spanish Netherlands as per a winko agreement with Charles II.
The Dutch ... meaning the Dutch Republic, I suppose ... are now asking Louis to back their plans to send another fleet against England in violation of their recent peace agreement.
Charles II is financially held captive by Parliament with zero funds, and can do nothing to prepare for a Dutch invasion, with or without the aid of France.
I completely understand why Pepys would welcome someone ... anyone ... being in charge who will appreciate that time is awasting, and enable him to do his job by providing him with some money. But come 1672, I suspect even Pepys will appreciate the error of the "Charles In Charge" idea.
About Thursday 5 December 1667
San Diego Sarah • Link
Towards the end of the 17th century, footmen began to do duties indoors, and one of their first (and surviving) indoor tasks was to clean all the boots and shoes of the family before they were required, in other words, at night. This could be a long task, as several different pairs of shoes were worn each day by each person or guest.
Shoe polish was made of 'charcoal, spermaceti oil, treacle and white wine vinegar' in the 17th century.
Bibliography
The Duties of Servants Reprinted from 1894 publication by Copper Beech Publishing, Ltd.
Early Modern England, A Social History - Sharpe
https://englishhistoryauthors.blo….
About Wednesday 4 December 1667
San Diego Sarah • Link
"This day Gilsthrop is buried, who hath made all the late discourse of the great discovery of 65,000l., of which the King hath been wronged."
Too bad, Pepys ... another witness lost who could have testified to what Sir William Batten knew, and when he knew it. Did Gilsthrop tell you where the 65,000l. was buried? Nooooo ...
About Sir Edward/Richard Bishop
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sergeants at Arms at Court 1660–1837
1660 08 June Bulstrode, H.
1660 09 June Topham, J.
1660 11 June Harsnet, R.
1660 12 June Blaney, T.
1660 12 June Skynner, W.
1660 12 June Thorne, R.
1660 14 June Charnock, G.
1660 16 June Bettenson, J.
1660 19 June Bishop, R.
1660 20 June Turst, S.
1660 20 June Barton, J.
1660 22 June Langston, F.
1660 23 June Ward, J.
1660 25 June Bull, M.
1660 25 June Seale, G.
1660 29 June Beck, J.
1660 30 June Middleton, J.
1660 02 July Barcroft, J.
1660 20 July Haddon, A.
1660 22 Nov. Williamson, E.
1661 24 Sept. Gyde, R.
1662 08 Feb. Fitzsimmons, O.
1662 31 Dec. Harrington, B.
1663 21 Feb. Payne, T.
1664 14 Mar. Houlker, W.
1666 15 Oct. Kent, R.
1667 23 Dec. Smith, G.
1669 07 Aug. Charnock, R.
Sergeant at Arms in Ordinary w/o Fee 1666–1676; 1681–1682
n.d. Meux, -
1666 16 Oct. Barcroft, J.
1670 01 Apr. Kent, R.
1676 09 Aug. Deerham, H. (in Extraordinary)
1681 18 May Gardiner, T. (in Extraordinary)
Sergeant at Arms to the Lord Chancellor 1660–1837
1660 Leigh, H.
1673 10 July Charnock, Sir G. (joint)
1673 10 July Charnock, R. (joint)
Sergeant at Arms to the Lord Chancellor in Extraordinary 1668–73
1668 14 Apr. Wood, E.
1671 21 Feb. Charnock, Sir G.
Sergeant at Arms to the Speaker 1660–1837
1660 25 Apr. Norfolk, J.
1675 08 Oct. Bishop, W.
Sergeant at Arms to the Treasury 1660–1832
[1660] Dandy, E., sen.
1660 13 July Warner, T.
1663 27 June Stephens, F.
1673 12 June Ramsey, J.
Sergeant at Arms to the City of London 1660–1782
1660 Barker, M.
1672 21 Aug. Mann, W.
The above is excerpted to cover the Diary period:
https://www.british-history.ac.uk…
About Sir Edward/Richard Bishop
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sergeants at Arms 1660–1837
The sergeants at arms to the court generally waited in the presence chamber, carrying the maces before the King when he processed to the chapel or the House of Lords. As this implies, they assisted in providing security in the public rooms, and might be required to arrest or detain malefactors. They were appointed by lord chamberlain's warrant. As a general rule their appointments were embodied in letters patent under the great seal. They included a corps of sergeants attached to the court, designated in the lists below simply `sergeants at arms' and individual sergeants serving particular officers.
They all enjoyed the same basic remuneration. This originally consisted of a salary of 12d a day and an allowance in lieu of diet of 15d a day.
In 1663 these sums were raised to 3s and 2s 6d respectively amounting to an annual total of £100 7s 6d. This was paid at the Exchequer except in the cases of the lord chancellor's sergeant who was paid at the hanaper and the city sergeant who was paid from the revenues of London and Middlesex. The sergeants at arms were provided with maces and collars and were also allowed riding wages, fees of honour and fees on the commitment of prisoners.
Originally numbering 16, the court sergeants were reduced to eight in 1685.
These offices were granted for life until 1677 and during pleasure thereafter with the exception of Edmund Williamson who was appointed for life in 1698.
The sergeant at arms attending the lord chancellor was appointed for life until 1713 and during good behavior thereafter. He was regarded as an officer of the House of Lords and from 1693 received an allowance of 10s a day for every day for which the House sat.
The office of sergeant at arms attending the speaker of the House of Commons was held for life until 1693 and during good behavior thereafter. The position was complicated by the interest which the House of Commons took in the identity of the individual whom they regarded as their own officer.
At the Restoration in 1660 four individuals, Michael Crake, Edward Birkhead, Richard Bishop and William Bishop, were living and in possession of letters patent from Charles I granting the office to them successively. Ignoring their interests, the House of its own motion appointed James Norfolk to the post on 25 April 1660.
By letters patent of 7 May 1661 the Crown suspended the previous grantees from the execution of the office and granted the reversion to Norfolk who was formally admitted on 23 May following.
The sergeant at arms to the Treasury held office for life until 1684 and during pleasure thereafter.
The office of sergeant at arms to the city of London was held on a life tenure until 1672 and during pleasure thereafter.
About Sir Robert Bruce Cotton
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sir Robert Bruce Cotton MP’s parliamentary career belongs to the Stuart period, although he was returned to Queen Elizabeth’s last Parliament for an Isle of Wight borough by Sir George Carey, to whom he may have been introduced by Thomas James. Bodley’s first librarian.
Cotton later put Thomas James’ nephew in charge of his own library.
A bill had been introduced into the 1597 Parliament to deal with Cotton’s lands, to which were appointed William Cotton and (Sir) Robert Wroth I, father of the second Newtown MP in 1601.
Sir Robert Bruce Cotton MP died 6 May, 1631 and was buried at Connington.
Since Cotton died long before the diary, here's a link to his Parliamentary bio for you to read if interested:
https://www.historyofparliamenton…
About Sir Robert Bruce Cotton
San Diego Sarah • Link
Sir Robert Cotton (1571–1631) was a politician and antiquarian scholar, who began to assemble his collection of manuscripts as early as 1588, aged 17. Cotton's collecting interests focused on works central to the study of British history, such as chronicles, cartularies, maps and state papers.
The importance of these manuscripts for our knowledge of the past cannot be overstated. For example, Robert Cotton brought together the largest collection of Anglo-Saxon manuscripts in the world, including two early copies of Bede's Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum and five manuscripts of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, as well as the earliest surviving Anglo-Saxon charter, dating from AD 679.
After Robert Cotton's death, the library passed in turn to his son, Sir Thomas Cotton (d. 1662), and grandson, Sir John Cotton (d. 1702).
In 1702, the Cotton library was acquired by the British government, the first occasion that any library passed into national ownership in Britain – an important step in the creation of a national, public library.
Ever since the library's formation, the Cotton manuscripts have been made available for consultation by scholars worldwide.
You can view many of the Cotton manuscripts on the British Library's Digitized Manuscripts site. They recommend you type into the Manuscripts’ search engine on the homepage 'Cotton MS' or 'Cotton Ch' in order to see those currently available; more are being added all the time.
For a preview of some of the spectacular documents you can find at the British Library, check out
http://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanus…
About Tuesday 22 September 1663
San Diego Sarah • Link
We read last month that Charles II had grown cold towards Castlemaine ... maybe this is why:
"Henry 'the little' Jermyn's seduction of Barbara Villiers Palmer, Countess of Castlemaine was later described in all its erotic detail by Barbara’s lesbian lover, Delarivierre Manley. The affair, which ran parallel to Barbara's relationship with Charles II, almost certainly produced a child, the Duke of Grafton, whose paternity is usually attributed to Charles II."
http://anthonyadolph.co.uk/harry-…
About Saturday 3 May 1662
San Diego Sarah • Link
Meanwhile, in the Mediterranean:
Charles II, whose restoration was celebrated by an unsuccessful expedition against Algiers under Admiral Edward Montagu, Earl of Sandwich. This was soon followed by another, with a more favorable result, under Admiral Lawson.44
[44] Rapin's History of England, vol. ii. pp. 858, 864.
By a treaty bearing date May 3, 1662, the Algerian 'government' expressly stipulated, "that all subjects of the King of Great Britain, now slaves in Algiers, or any of the territories thereof, be set at liberty, and released, upon paying the price they were first sold for in the market; and for the time to come no subjects of his Majesty shall be bought or sold, or made slaves of, in Algiers or its territories."45
[45] Recueil des Traitez de Paix, tom. iv. p. 43.
Other expeditions and other treaties followed in 1664, 1672, 1682, and 1686 — showing, by their constant recurrence and iteration, the little impression they produced upon the Algerians.46
[46] Recueil des Traitez de Paix, tom. iv. pp. 307, 476, 703, 756.
Insensible to justice and freedom, the Algerians held in slight regard the obligations of fidelity to any stipulations in restraint of robbery and slaveholding.
During a long succession of years, complaints of the sufferings of English captives continued to be made.
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/35…
Title: White Slavery in the Barbary States
Author: Charles Sumner
Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
LONDON: LOW AND COMPANY.
1853.
About Sunday 1 December 1667
San Diego Sarah • Link
"The cuckold story was untraced elsewhere."
Pepys judging others by himself again.
Usual male stereotyping of the 17th century.
About Roger L'Estrange
San Diego Sarah • Link
Roger L'Estrange was a Royalist and a member of the Church of England. He was
acutely aware that Charles II had brought back his church, and so they were
closely allied. This somewhat simplistic point of view led him to translate and
love Seneca, especially during the Popish Plot; people either loved him or
hated him.
L’ESTRANGE HIS LIFE: PUBLIC AND PERSONA IN THE LIFE AND CAREER OF
SIR ROGER L’ESTRANGE, 1616-1704
BY DARRICK N. TAYLOR
Copyright 2011
https://www.researchgate.net/publ…'Estrange_His_Life_Public_and_Persona_in_the_Life_and_Career_of_Sir_Roger_L'Estrange_1616-1704
I think Pepys was affected by studying Seneca at University as well
https://dailystoic.com/seneca/
About Seneca
San Diego Sarah • Link
Some Seneca quotes from my favorite Stoic:
“Think your way through difficulties: harsh conditions can be softened, restricted ones can be widened, and heavy ones can weigh less on those who know how to bear them.”
“Let all your activity be directed to some object, let it have some end in view.”
“Often a very old man has no other proof of his long life than his age.”
“We say that nothing happens to the wise man against his expectation.”
“Believe me it is better to understand the balance-sheet of one’s own life than of the corn trade.”
“We are not given a short life but we make it short, and we are not Ill-supplied but wasteful of it.”
https://dailystoic.com/seneca/
About Monday 14 November 1664
San Diego Sarah • Link
Liz, Pepys does mention arriving at people's homes, and finding the table full, or some other reason it wasn't appropriate to join the group. He leaves, and it doesn't appear to be considered a blunder or ill-mannered on either side. I suspect the doorman/maid says something like, "Good afternoon, Mr. Pepys. I'm sorry, but dinner has begun and the table is full. Perhaps tomorrow ...?"
And I also appreciate the BBC maintaining their links and podcasts for years.
About Saturday 30 November 1667
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Williamson was Secretary to Arlington, whose political security was in jeopardy in this crisis."
I should think so. All year I have been wondering at the lack of actionable intelligence, or the wanton ignoring of the intelligence. Pepys was reporting that the Dutch were off the coast, but Charles never alerted his volunteers to round up their usual suspects and prepare to repel the invaders, or recalled his available ships which he had stationed in Southampton, Portsmouth, Hull, Leith, etc.
The debacle at Chatham squarely falls on Secretary of State Henry Bennet, Lord Arlington in my book.
(It must be the King's bad councilors again! Sound familiar?)
Diary of Ralph Josselin (Private Collection)
6.6.1667 (Thursday 6 June 1667)
document 70015520
June. 6 the Dutch on Harwich coast. Thursday –
June. 12. Wednesday. they attempt Chatham river to destroy our great ships with success and continued their pleasure.
June. 27. they came up near Gravesend, they put a stop to all trade, and forced us to defend the whole shore. to our charge and amazement.
About Bear Garden
San Diego Sarah • Link
Bear baiting and animal fights were banned as public entertainment during the Interregnum, and reinstated by Charles II. Both Pepys and Evelyn document attending at least one afternoon at the Bear Garden.
"Near the end of his 1606 play Macbeth, William Shakespeare included a scene in which the doomed title character says that his enemies,
“have tied me to a stake; I cannot fly,
But, bear-like, I must fight the course.”
"The line might seem inconsequential to modern readers, but for the audiences who watched the Bard’s plays 400 years ago, it would have been an obvious reference to one of the most popular pastimes of the day: bear-baiting.
"Many of the same Londoners who flocked to Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre were also patrons of the nearby “Bear Gardens,” where bears, dogs, bulls, chimps and other creatures routinely fought to the death in front of roaring crowds.
"Along with the theater, animal blood sports were among the most beloved entertainments of 16th and 17th century England. In London, the shows took place in the seamy Bankside district, which was home to several purpose-built arenas.
“There,” wrote one 1639 visitor, “you may hear the shouting of men, the barking of dogs, the growling of the bears, and the bellowing of the bulls, mixed in a wild but natural harmony.”
Much more plus woodcuts
https://www.history.com/news/the-…
About General resources
San Diego Sarah • Link
Vocabulary:
Dr. Ros Barber recommends the following site for information on the origins of words, and what was correctly used when.
She is a senior lecturer in the Department of English and Comparative Literature at Goldsmiths, University of London, and Director of Research at the Shakespearean Authorship Trust and is three times winner (2011, 2014, 2018) of the Hoffman Prize for a distinguished work on Christopher Marlowe.
The Historical Thesaurus of English is available from the University of Glasgow. Their thesaurus allows you to find out how language is used through the ages. As an example, you can search “toilet” and find out how to refer to that in 1563, or parts of a person’s body in 1603, etc.
Explore at https://ht.ac.uk/
About History resources
San Diego Sarah • Link
Vocabulary:
Dr. Ros Barber recommends the following site for information on the origins of words, and what was correctly used when.
She is a senior lecturer in the Department of English and Comparative Literature at Goldsmiths, University of London, and Director of Research at the Shakespearean Authorship Trust and is three times winner (2011, 2014, 2018) of the Hoffman Prize for a distinguished work on Christopher Marlowe.
The Historical Thesaurus of English is available from the University of Glasgow. Their thesaurus allows you to find out how language is used through the ages. As an example, you can search “toilet” and find out how to refer to that in 1563, or parts of a person’s body in 1603, etc.
Explore at https://ht.ac.uk/
About Sunday 12 February 1659/60
San Diego Sarah • Link
Since we are discussing vocabulary, Dr. Ros Barber recommends the following site for information on the origins of words, and what was correctly used when.
She is a senior lecturer in the Department of English and Comparative Literature at Goldsmiths, University of London, and Director of Research at the Shakespearean Authorship Trust and is three times winner (2011, 2014, 2018) of the Hoffman Prize for a distinguished work on Christopher Marlowe.
The Historical Thesaurus of English is available from the University of Glasgow. Their thesaurus allows you to find out how language is used through the ages. As an example, you can search “toilet” and find out how to refer to that in 1563, or parts of a person’s body in 1603, etc.
Explore at https://ht.ac.uk/
About Henry Hyde (Viscount Cornbury)
San Diego Sarah • Link
Henry Hyde must have taken his title from the name of the family estate in Oxfordshire:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor…
About Friday 29 November 1667
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Next morning, I heard he was gone; though I am persuaded that, had he gone sooner, though but to Cornbury, and there lain quiet, it would have satisfied the Parliament. That which exasperated them was his presuming to stay and contest the accusation as long as it was possible: and they were on the point of sending him to the Tower."
Cornbury is the name of the Hyde's estate in Oxfordshire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor…
I'll miss you Clarendon, even if you had become a curmudgeon.