"In 1520, the Kingdom of Bohemia began minting coins using silver from a mine in Joachimsthal – which roughly translates from German into English as Joachim’s valley. Logically if unimaginatively, the coin was dubbed the joachimsthaler, which was then shortened to thaler, the word that proceeded to spread around the world.
"It was the Dutch variation, the daler, that made its way across the Atlantic in the pockets and on the tongues of early immigrants, and today’s American-English pronunciation of the word dollar retains its echoes."
"The British pound sign has a history going back 1,200 years, when it was first used by the Romans as an abbreviation for ‘libra pondo’, the empire’s basic unit of weight. As any amateur astrologer will tell you, libra means scales in Latin, and libra pondo literally translates as ‘a pound by weight’.
"In Anglo-Saxon England, the pound became a unit of currency, equivalent to – surprise, surprise – a pound of silver. Vast riches, in other words. But along with the Roman name, the Anglo-Saxons borrowed the sign, an ornate letter ‘L’.
"The crossbar came along later, indicating that it’s an abbreviation, and a [document] in London’s Bank of England Museum shows that the pound sign had assumed its current form by 1661, even if it took a little longer for it to become universally adopted."
If word got around, people might break into his house and carry away the silver. There are no banks, and parking the money safely was always a problem. I think his colleagues know he's doing well (they would lose respect if he were not). It's probably the servants and their 'friends' he's more worried about.
Louise -- you are forgetting weekends, vacation time, sick time, and there are quite a few days Pepys has breakfast (presumably a small beer) around 6 a.m. and doesn't eat again until late afternoon.
Mind you, I'm old school ... the current generation with their lives run by cell phones, work more hours than Sam, from their homes, and forget the modern "benefits" I mention above. I hope they don't burn out young.
And they do it without a house full of servants, as you say. It took Elizabeth and about three people to do the monthly wash, which lasted two days. Now we throw in the wash between conference calls. Take out services seems to be about the same, though.
'John, son of John Daniel. Mrs Daniel was the daughter of Pepys's Greenwich landlady, Mrs Clerke.'
There are 8 links saying that Samuel Daniel is married to Mrs. Daniel.
John Daniel is mentioned once, on June 4, 1666 and may well have been related to Samuel Daniel, but nowhere is that stated in the Diary that I have found.
Prince Rupert’s Mill. Prince Rupert’s metal secret died with him – it was a composition from which indestructible cannons were cast and bored.
Temple Mills. Once belonging to the Knights Templars, these mills were used for grinding points on pins and needles, sent on to Worcestershire to receive eyes.
Beresford’s White House. Occasional home to highwayman Dick Turpin, attached to the house was a fishery, offering sport for a shilling.
Roman Burial Ground. Discovered under Hackney Marsh, part of the Roman stone causeway to Essex, and a marble sarcophagus at Brooksby’s Walk.
Lord Zouch’s House. A peer judge to Mary Queen of Scots, Edward, Lord Zouch conducted experimental gardening.
Sutton House. Known as “Bryck House,” was built for Henry VIII’s courtier Ralph Sadleir, who sold it to cloth merchant John Machell.
The Black & White House. Home of Robert Vyner, drinking pal of Charles II, AKA “Bohemia Place” from being the residence of the Queen of Bohemia.
Barber’s Barn. Home of the low-born John Okey, sixth signatory of Charles I’s death warrant.
St. John’s Place/Beaulieu. Said to have been the priory of St. John, it later acquired the name “Shoreditch Place” for Jane Shore, mistress to Edward IV.
Brook House. Given by Edward VI to the Earl of Pembroke, the house passed to the Earl of Warwick then to Dr. Monro as a ‘recepiticle for insane persons.’
Shacklewell House. The ancient seat of the Herons, and residence of Cecilia, Thomas More’s daughter, later home of regicide Owen Rowe.
Abney House. Built for Thomas Gunstone to hymn writer & divine Isaac Watts’ plans.
Brownswood House. The Hornsey Wood Tavern incorporates old Copthall and the Manor House of Brownswood.
Newington Green Manor. A home to dissenters in the 17th century.
Palatine House. Built to house Protestant refugees from the Rhine Palatinate, later used as a retreat by John Wesley.
Whitmore House. A moated house adapted by London haberdasher Sir William Whitmore for his son Sir George.
Baumes House. Built by two Spanish merchants in 1540, it became known as Sir George Whitmore’s house and in 1691 hosted King William.
Alderman John Brown’s House. Home of the serjeant, painter to Henry VIII.
Nag’s Head. A coaching inn and haunt of robber Dick Turpin.
The Theatre. Home of Shakespeare & Burbage’s Lord Chamberlain’s New Acting Troupe. The timber was dismantled and used to construct the Globe.
Holywell Mount. Near the priory of St. John the Baptist, plague burials are said to take place here.
The Rectory, Hackney. Site of the Manor of Grumbolds and home of John & Jane Daniel, accused of blackmailing the Countess of Essex.
Geffrye Almshouses. Paid for by Sir Robert Geffrye in his will of 1703 which declared his remaining fortune to the Ironmongers’ Company for provision of almshouses.
"Thence home, where I find Mr. Lovett and his wife came to see us. They are a pretty couple, and she a fine bred woman. They dined with us, and Browne, the paynter, and she plays finely on the lute. My wife and I were well pleased with her company."
I wonder if Pepys is making a class statement by not giving us Mr. and Mrs. Lovett's first names, no matter how finely she plays the lute.
"... and then by agreement to the Excise Office, where I waited all the morning for the Cofferer and Sir St. Foxe’s coming, but they did not, so I and the Commissioners lost their labor and expectation of doing the business we intended."
I'm surprised Pepys and the other Commissioners were not more upset at this disrespect by Fox and Ashburnham. The fleet is about to sail, and financing the victualing is key to their success. Fox and Ashburnham have boys they could send with notes explaining their absence, which I think Pepys would have mentioned had that happened.
But it does give Tom Wilson more time to work on those victualing accounts for Coventry, and an excuse for not being further along in the process should an excuse be needed.
What a curious day ... lunch with the relatives so they can hear the latest gossip from Mr. Shepley re: Sandwich, Brampton and Hinchingbrooke, then he gets out of the house to visit his main mistress, her husband, and a desired woman who must be their friend, for no particular reason, for a couple of hours, then he goes around to his old local for no particular reason. Then home and he takes the wife for an airing down the Thames.
If this was 1660 I'd think he was out gathering intelligence on the temper of the people to report to Sandwich ... but now? Perhaps he was simply tired of acting the toff, and took off his proverbial hat by talking to 'real people' for an afternoon.
Lucky Prince Charles, as he left England for exile in Jersey and France, followed by wandering all over the place, this is where he stayed. I hope he remembered fondly his stay in the Isles of Scilly. Scroll down for a picture of the two castles there ... one was built by Cromwell after Charles had left.
"John Hunt was serving as a sub-commissioner for Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire in December 1661, and later [early in 1666]." (L&M footnote for 12 Mar. 1660/61)
John, 1st Baron Belasyse of Worlaby lived in Lincolns Inn Fields, and was married at this time to Anne Paulet, daughter of the Marquis of Winchester.
Per L&M: His rapacity was well-known: cf. [Marvell?] Third Advice to a Painter (1666), ll. 79-86: “Let Bellasis' autumnal face be seen, Rich with the spoils of a poor Algerine, Who, trusting in him, was by him betrayed; And so should we, were his advice obeyed. The hero once got honour by the sword; He got his wealth by breaking of his word; He now hath got his daughter great with child, And pimps to have his family defiled.”
Prizes in Tangier (although technically subject to H.M.'s Principal Commissioners at Whitehall) were at the disposal of the Governor, acting through power of admiralty given to him by the Lord High Admiral. In theory, proceeds from their sale went to defray government expenses on the spot.
A reorganization was made in July 1666 whereby a commission for prizes was set up in Tangier: -- Routh, p. 85.
I haven't found any references to Belasyse being rapacious in his biographies, but since the Diary covers this time, no doubt this will be explained. And as for incest and pimping ... not a word. "Fake News" is nothing new.
The Act for an Additional Aid of £1 1/4 m. (17 Car. II c.i) would be “a new venture in English public finance” (L&M) in which bills would be paid by the Exchequer on credit.
Pepys was initially skeptical of financing on credit (a concern he will share with Carteret and the bankers), but the scheme is a success.
Hi Carla ... please read Phil's notes "About The Text" at https://www.pepysdiary.com/about/… in which he explains -- amongst a whole lot of other helpful information -- that Lathom and Matthews put out the first translation of Pepys' Diary about 200 years ago (as I recall) in which they did "annotations" as known at the time. Since most of that information would only know be known to historians with access to the archives, their notes have been added to our annotations over the years by kind people who possess various editions of their printed version of the Diary. Most of the time I find them very helpful.
Comments
Second Reading
About Guilder
San Diego Sarah • Link
Talking about Dutch money ...
"In 1520, the Kingdom of Bohemia began minting coins using silver from a mine in Joachimsthal – which roughly translates from German into English as Joachim’s valley. Logically if unimaginatively, the coin was dubbed the joachimsthaler, which was then shortened to thaler, the word that proceeded to spread around the world.
"It was the Dutch variation, the daler, that made its way across the Atlantic in the pockets and on the tongues of early immigrants, and today’s American-English pronunciation of the word dollar retains its echoes."
http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/…
About Currency units
San Diego Sarah • Link
"The British pound sign has a history going back 1,200 years, when it was first used by the Romans as an abbreviation for ‘libra pondo’, the empire’s basic unit of weight. As any amateur astrologer will tell you, libra means scales in Latin, and libra pondo literally translates as ‘a pound by weight’.
"In Anglo-Saxon England, the pound became a unit of currency, equivalent to – surprise, surprise – a pound of silver. Vast riches, in other words. But along with the Roman name, the Anglo-Saxons borrowed the sign, an ornate letter ‘L’.
"The crossbar came along later, indicating that it’s an abbreviation, and a [document] in London’s Bank of England Museum shows that the pound sign had assumed its current form by 1661, even if it took a little longer for it to become universally adopted."
www.bbc.com/capital/story/2019052…
About Sunday 27 May 1666
San Diego Sarah • Link
If word got around, people might break into his house and carry away the silver. There are no banks, and parking the money safely was always a problem. I think his colleagues know he's doing well (they would lose respect if he were not). It's probably the servants and their 'friends' he's more worried about.
About Monday 28 May 1666
San Diego Sarah • Link
Louise -- you are forgetting weekends, vacation time, sick time, and there are quite a few days Pepys has breakfast (presumably a small beer) around 6 a.m. and doesn't eat again until late afternoon.
Mind you, I'm old school ... the current generation with their lives run by cell phones, work more hours than Sam, from their homes, and forget the modern "benefits" I mention above. I hope they don't burn out young.
And they do it without a house full of servants, as you say. It took Elizabeth and about three people to do the monthly wash, which lasted two days. Now we throw in the wash between conference calls. Take out services seems to be about the same, though.
I miss the water cooler conversations.
About Sunday 20 May 1666
San Diego Sarah • Link
'"Mrs. Daniel’s child"
'John, son of John Daniel. Mrs Daniel was the daughter of Pepys's Greenwich landlady, Mrs Clerke.'
There are 8 links saying that Samuel Daniel is married to Mrs. Daniel.
John Daniel is mentioned once, on June 4, 1666 and may well have been related to Samuel Daniel, but nowhere is that stated in the Diary that I have found.
About Mrs Daniel
San Diego Sarah • Link
On further exploration, I find there is a John Daniel, a Lt. from the Royal Charles, mentioned on June 4, 1666, the only time in the Diary.
However, there re 8 links saying Samuel Daniel is the Lt. married to Mrs. Daniel. So I think Terry is mistaken.
About Mrs Daniel
San Diego Sarah • Link
On May 20, 1666 "After dinner my wife and Mercer by coach to Greenwich, to be gossip to Mrs. Daniel’s child."
A gossip is an old-fashioned word for godmother.
Terry Foreman gives an annotation that the boy's name is John, and Lt. Daniel's name is also John, but gives no citation.
About Hackney
San Diego Sarah • Link
Adam Dant's "Hackney Treasure Map" shows:
Prince Rupert’s Mill. Prince Rupert’s metal secret died with him – it was a composition from which indestructible cannons were cast and bored.
Temple Mills. Once belonging to the Knights Templars, these mills were used for grinding points on pins and needles, sent on to Worcestershire to receive eyes.
Beresford’s White House. Occasional home to highwayman Dick Turpin, attached to the house was a fishery, offering sport for a shilling.
Roman Burial Ground. Discovered under Hackney Marsh, part of the Roman stone causeway to Essex, and a marble sarcophagus at Brooksby’s Walk.
Lord Zouch’s House. A peer judge to Mary Queen of Scots, Edward, Lord Zouch conducted experimental gardening.
Sutton House. Known as “Bryck House,” was built for Henry VIII’s courtier Ralph Sadleir, who sold it to cloth merchant John Machell.
The Black & White House. Home of Robert Vyner, drinking pal of Charles II, AKA “Bohemia Place” from being the residence of the Queen of Bohemia.
Barber’s Barn. Home of the low-born John Okey, sixth signatory of Charles I’s death warrant.
St. John’s Place/Beaulieu. Said to have been the priory of St. John, it later acquired the name “Shoreditch Place” for Jane Shore, mistress to Edward IV.
Brook House. Given by Edward VI to the Earl of Pembroke, the house passed to the Earl of Warwick then to Dr. Monro as a ‘recepiticle for insane persons.’
Shacklewell House. The ancient seat of the Herons, and residence of Cecilia, Thomas More’s daughter, later home of regicide Owen Rowe.
Abney House. Built for Thomas Gunstone to hymn writer & divine Isaac Watts’ plans.
Brownswood House. The Hornsey Wood Tavern incorporates old Copthall and the Manor House of Brownswood.
Newington Green Manor. A home to dissenters in the 17th century.
Palatine House. Built to house Protestant refugees from the Rhine Palatinate, later used as a retreat by John Wesley.
Whitmore House. A moated house adapted by London haberdasher Sir William Whitmore for his son Sir George.
Baumes House. Built by two Spanish merchants in 1540, it became known as Sir George Whitmore’s house and in 1691 hosted King William.
Alderman John Brown’s House. Home of the serjeant, painter to Henry VIII.
Nag’s Head. A coaching inn and haunt of robber Dick Turpin.
The Theatre. Home of Shakespeare & Burbage’s Lord Chamberlain’s New Acting Troupe. The timber was dismantled and used to construct the Globe.
Holywell Mount. Near the priory of St. John the Baptist, plague burials are said to take place here.
The Rectory, Hackney. Site of the Manor of Grumbolds and home of John & Jane Daniel, accused of blackmailing the Countess of Essex.
Geffrye Almshouses. Paid for by Sir Robert Geffrye in his will of 1703 which declared his remaining fortune to the Ironmongers’ Company for provision of almshouses.
About Mrs Lovett
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Thence home, where I find Mr. Lovett and his wife came to see us. They are a pretty couple, and she a fine bred woman. They dined with us, and Browne, the paynter, and she plays finely on the lute. My wife and I were well pleased with her company."
I wonder if Pepys is making a class statement by not giving us Mr. and Mrs. Lovett's first names, no matter how finely she plays the lute.
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Monday 28 May 1666
San Diego Sarah • Link
"... and then by agreement to the Excise Office, where I waited all the morning for the Cofferer and Sir St. Foxe’s coming, but they did not, so I and the Commissioners lost their labor and expectation of doing the business we intended."
I'm surprised Pepys and the other Commissioners were not more upset at this disrespect by Fox and Ashburnham. The fleet is about to sail, and financing the victualing is key to their success. Fox and Ashburnham have boys they could send with notes explaining their absence, which I think Pepys would have mentioned had that happened.
But it does give Tom Wilson more time to work on those victualing accounts for Coventry, and an excuse for not being further along in the process should an excuse be needed.
About Sunday 27 May 1666
San Diego Sarah • Link
What a curious day ... lunch with the relatives so they can hear the latest gossip from Mr. Shepley re: Sandwich, Brampton and Hinchingbrooke, then he gets out of the house to visit his main mistress, her husband, and a desired woman who must be their friend, for no particular reason, for a couple of hours, then he goes around to his old local for no particular reason. Then home and he takes the wife for an airing down the Thames.
If this was 1660 I'd think he was out gathering intelligence on the temper of the people to report to Sandwich ... but now? Perhaps he was simply tired of acting the toff, and took off his proverbial hat by talking to 'real people' for an afternoon.
About Elizabeth Burrows
San Diego Sarah • Link
A curious tea party took place one Sunday in May, 1666:
"After dinner ... I by water to Westminster to Mrs. Martin’s, and there sat with her and her husband and Mrs. Burrows, the pretty, an hour or two,"
So the Elizabeths knew each other, and Mr. Burrows knew Pepys, and they all sat around for an hour or two discussing ... the weather?
https://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/…
About Scilly, Isles of
San Diego Sarah • Link
Lucky Prince Charles, as he left England for exile in Jersey and France, followed by wandering all over the place, this is where he stayed. I hope he remembered fondly his stay in the Isles of Scilly. Scroll down for a picture of the two castles there ... one was built by Cromwell after Charles had left.
https://www.afar.com/magazine/the…
Otherwise, the isles were most often used by the fleet which stayed here for six weeks of quarantine if they had been to an infected place.
About Maps of London
San Diego Sarah • Link
A new map of London during the Civil Wars is in the works! This article with present-day photographs and some contemporary illustrations explains all:
http://spitalfieldslife.com/2019/…
When it becomes available, I'll announce it through Phil in the current section.
About Friday 25 May 1666
San Diego Sarah • Link
My appreciation of Mr. Moore the lawyer has gone up considerably.
About Thursday 24 May 1666
San Diego Sarah • Link
"John Hunt was serving as a sub-commissioner for Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire in December 1661, and later [early in 1666]." (L&M footnote for 12 Mar. 1660/61)
About Wednesday 23 May 1666
San Diego Sarah • Link
"Thence to Westminster to look after getting some little for some great tallys, but shall find trouble in it."
Apparently the money lenders are not yet comfortable with this new system. Change takes time, and Pepys needs his money now.
About John Belasyse (1st Baron Belasyse)
San Diego Sarah • Link
John, 1st Baron Belasyse of Worlaby lived in Lincolns Inn Fields, and was married at this time to Anne Paulet, daughter of the Marquis of Winchester.
Per L&M: His rapacity was well-known: cf. [Marvell?] Third Advice to a Painter (1666), ll. 79-86:
“Let Bellasis' autumnal face be seen,
Rich with the spoils of a poor Algerine,
Who, trusting in him, was by him betrayed;
And so should we, were his advice obeyed.
The hero once got honour by the sword;
He got his wealth by breaking of his word;
He now hath got his daughter great with child,
And pimps to have his family defiled.”
Prizes in Tangier (although technically subject to H.M.'s Principal Commissioners at Whitehall) were at the disposal of the Governor, acting through power of admiralty given to him by the Lord High Admiral. In theory, proceeds from their sale went to defray government expenses on the spot.
A reorganization was made in July 1666 whereby a commission for prizes was set up in Tangier: -- Routh, p. 85.
I haven't found any references to Belasyse being rapacious in his biographies, but since the Diary covers this time, no doubt this will be explained. And as for incest and pimping ... not a word. "Fake News" is nothing new.
About Additional Aid Act (1665)
San Diego Sarah • Link
The Act for an Additional Aid of £1 1/4 m. (17 Car. II c.i) would be “a new venture in English public finance” (L&M) in which bills would be paid by the Exchequer on credit.
Pepys was initially skeptical of financing on credit (a concern he will share with Carteret and the bankers), but the scheme is a success.
http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1…...
About Samuel Martin
San Diego Sarah • Link
Hi Carla ... please read Phil's notes "About The Text" at
https://www.pepysdiary.com/about/…
in which he explains -- amongst a whole lot of other helpful information -- that Lathom and Matthews put out the first translation of Pepys' Diary about 200 years ago (as I recall) in which they did "annotations" as known at the time. Since most of that information would only know be known to historians with access to the archives, their notes have been added to our annotations over the years by kind people who possess various editions of their printed version of the Diary. Most of the time I find them very helpful.