Daily entries from the 17th century London diary
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Wikipedia
| Mary of England | |
|---|---|
| Princess Royal | |
 |
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| Mary Henrietta Stuart (detail of a 1641 painting by Antoon van Dijck) | |
| Princess of Orange; Countess of Nassau | |
| Tenure | 14 March 1647 – 6 November 1650 |
| Spouse | William II, Prince of Orange |
| Issue | |
| William III of England | |
| Full name | |
| Mary Henrietta | |
| House | House of Stuart |
| Father | Charles I of England |
| Mother | Henrietta Maria of France |
| Born | 4 November 1631 St. James's Palace, London |
| Died | 24 December 1660(1660-12-24) (aged 29) Whitehall Palace, London |
| Burial | Westminster Abbey, London |
Mary, Princess Royal, Princess of Orange and Countess of Nassau (Mary Henrietta; 4 November 1631 – 24 December 1660) was the eldest daughter of King Charles I of England, Scotland, and Ireland and his queen, Henrietta Maria of France. She was the wife of William II, Prince of Orange and Count of Nassau (27 May 1626 – 6 November 1650) and the mother of King William III of England and Ireland, II of Scotland (14 November 1650 – 8 May 1702). Mary Stuart or Mary of Orange, as she was also known, was the first daughter of a British Sovereign to hold the title Princess Royal. She was co-regent in the regency of her son, 1651–1661.
[edit] Early life
Princess Mary Henrietta was born at St. James's Palace, London. Charles I designated her Princess Royal in 1642, thus establishing the tradition that the eldest daughter of the British Sovereign might bear this title. The title came into being when Queen Henriette Maria, the daughter of King Henry IV of France wished to imitate the way the eldest daughter of the French king was styled (Madame Royale). Until that time, the eldest daughters of English and Scottish kings were variously titled Lady or Princess (The younger daughters of British Sovereigns were not consistently titled princesses of Great Britain and styled Royal Highness until the ascension of George I in 1714).
[edit] Marriage
Her father, Charles I, wished the Princess Royal to marry a son of Philip IV, king of Spain, while her first cousin, Karl Ludwig, the Elector Palatine, was also a suitor for her hand. Both proposals fell through and she was betrothed to Willem, the son and heir of Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange and Stadtholder of the United Provinces, and of Amalia of Solms-Braunfels. The marriage took place on 2 May 1641 at the Chapel Royal, Whitehall Palace, London. The marriage was not consummated for several years due to the bride's age when married: nine. In 1642, Mary moved to the Dutch Republic with her mother, Queen Henrietta Maria, and in 1644, as the daughter-in-law of the stadtholder, Frederick Henry, she became visible in courtly and public events.
[edit] Later life
In March 1647, Mary's husband, William II, succeeded his father as stadholder. However, in November 1650, just after his attempt to capture Amsterdam from his political opponents, he died of smallpox. The couple's only child, Willem (later William III), was born a few days later. Mary, now the Dowager Princess of Orange, was obliged to share the guardianship of her infant son with her mother-in-law, Amalia of Solms-Braunfels, and uncle-in-law, Frederick William I, Elector of Brandenburg. She was unpopular with the Dutch because of her sympathies with her family, the Stuarts. She lived in the palace of the Stadthouder at the Binnenhof in the Hague, the building complex that now houses the Senate of the Netherlands. Her boudoir is still intact. At length, public opinion having been further angered by the hospitality that she showed to her brothers, the exiled Charles II and the Duke of York (later James II), she was forbidden to receive her relatives. From 1654 to 1657, the princess was usually not in Holland. In 1657, she became regent on behalf of her son for the principality of Orange, but the difficulties of her position led her to implore the assistance of Louis XIV of France; the French king answered by seizing the principality.[citation needed]
The restoration of Charles II in England and Scotland greatly enhanced the position of the Princess of Orange and her son in Holland. In September 1660, she returned to England. She died of smallpox on 24 December 1660, at Whitehall Palace, London and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
[edit] Ancestry
[edit] External links
Media related to Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange at Wikimedia Commons
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Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange
Born: 4 November 1631 Died: 24 December 1660 |
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| British royalty | ||
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| New title | Princess Royal 1642–1660 | Succeeded by Anne |
[edit] See also
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1893 text
Mary, Princess Royal, eldest daughter of Charles I., and widow of William of Nassau, Prince of Orange. She was not supposed to be inconsolable, and scandal followed her at the court of Charles II., where she died of small-pox, December 24th, 1660.
Annotations
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“Princess Royal” generally denotes the eldest daughter of the monarch: http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Royal
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The princess at the age of ten —
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List of Princesses Royal
The following is a complete list of women officially styled as “Princess Royal
Mary was the first to have this english title she was approx. 18 mths younger than C2
for more mary’s bio at
http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Princess_of_Orange