Daily entries from the 17th century London diary
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“By the third quarter of the sixteenth century an ever increasing volume of the wealth of the New World and the Indies was reaching Lisbon and the Spanish ports, there to be trans-shipped to Northern and Western Europe. This trade was almost entirely in the hands of the Dutch so it was logical that one of their pilots should produce the first set of effective navigational charts. These were compiled under the title *Spiegel der Zeevaerdt*, [Leyden, 1584; Latin: Amsterdam, 1591] by Lucas Janszoon Waghenaer [1534-98], a native of Enkhuizen on the Zuider Zee, an experienced seaman and pilot. His magnificently produced charts embodying all the latest contemporary knowledge of navigation and position-finding set a standard which was followed by others for the next century or more -indeed, some of the symbols employed are still in use today. The charts in the first edition, covering the coast lines from Holland to Spain and the North Sea and Baltic, were engraved by the van Doetecum brothers and printed by Plantin: those in the English edition, which was translated by Sir Anthony Ashley and issued in 1588 - the year of the Armada - were engraved by de Bry, Hondius, Rutlinger and Ryther….Place names are given on the coasts but comparatively few are shown inland; cliffs on the coastline are drawn in elevation; navigational landmarks and hazards, anchorages, soundings and tidal details are indicated and the scale is shown in English, Spanish and Dutch leagues. Altogether some of the most handsome maps ever produced.
“The charts became so universally popular that their name, anglicized to ‘Waggoner’, came into use in English as a generic term for sea charts of all kinds.” http://www.swaen.com/mapmaker.html
WAGHENAER, Lucas Jansz. *The mariners mirrour wherin may playnly be seen the courses, heights, distances, depths, soundings, flouds and ebs, risings of lands, rocks, sands and shoalds, with the marks for th’entrings of the harbouroughs, havens and ports of the greatest part of Europe: their seueral traficks and commodities: together wth. the rules and instrume[n]ts of navigation.* First made & set fourth in diuers exact sea-charts, by that famous nauigator Luke Wagenar of Enchuisen and now fitted with necessarie additions for the use of Englishmen by Anthony Ashley. Heerin also may be understood the exploits lately atchiued by the right Honorable the L. Admiral of Engla[n]d with her Maties. nauie and some former seruices don by that worthy knight Sr. Fra: Drake. [John Charlewood, London, 1588
http://www.polybiblio.com/shapero/64196.html
Image of the title page/frontispiece of *The mariners mirrour*
http://www.nmm.ac.uk/tudorimages/750/E9047.jpg
Some more on the “Spieghel der zeevaerdt”
Article: “Lucas Jansz Waghnaer Van Enckhuysen (1533/4-1606): his impact on maritime cartography”, by Els M. Jacobs, Zuiderzeemuseum, Enkhuizen
http://liber-maps.kb.nl/articles/jacobs4.html
Some of the maps
http://www.spiegel-der-seefahrt.de/karten_en.html
Map of the Sea Coast of England between Wight and Dover
http://www.geog.port.ac.uk/webmap/hantscat/html/lgwag1.htm
