Daily entries from the 17th century London diary
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Wikipedia
Thomas Povey (b. 1613/14, d. in or before 1705) FRS, was a London merchant-politician who was active in colonial affairs from the 1650s, but neutral enough in his politics to be named a member from 1660 of Charles II's Council for Foreign Plantations,[1] making him a powerful figure in the not-yet professionalized First English Empire, both "England's first colonial civil servant"[2] and at the same time "a typical office holder of the Restoration".[3] Both Samuel Pepys and William Berkeley Governor of Virginia, railed at times against Povey's incompetence[4] and maladministration.
[edit] Life
Povey, son of Justinian Povey of London, was educated at Gray's Inn. He was a cousin of Thomas Povey (Massachusetts), Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts , and of Sir John Povey, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland.
He became Member of Parliament for Liskeard in 1646, Bossiney in 1659 and held under Oliver Cromwell a high post in the Office of Plantations. Following the Restoration he was appointed in July 1660 Treasurer to the king's brother James, Duke of York, but the Duke's affairs falling into confusion, Povey was relieved of his office, 27 July 1668, for a consideration of £2000.[5] He was First Treasurer to the Lords Commissioner for Tangier, a lucrative post in which he was followed by the conscientious Samuel Pepys, organizer of the English navy. Povey made an agreement with Pepys in 1665, touching the profits expected from that office by 17th-century convention. Years later, in 1691, Povey brought suit against Pepys and William Hewer at the Court of Chancery with reference to a breach of the agreement; it seems to have been settled out of court.[6]
Povey family interests in the English Caribbean were extensive: Thomas's brother Richard Povey looked after the family interests in Jamaica, where he was officially Commissioner General for Provisions,while another brother, William, attended to affairs in Barbados, where he was officially Provost-General.[7]
Povey was one of the original members of the Royal Society in May, 1663 and had acted in the interests of its less formalized predecessor at Gresham College. Povey proposed Samuel Pepys for membership, 8 February 1665.[8]
John Evelyn, a fellow member of the Royal Society, found Povey "a nice contriver of all elegancies and exceedingly formal". As a Fellow, Povey offered the Royal Society a dissertation in 1693 on the manufacture of brass.[9] Povey presented a report on Louis XIV's Hôtel des Invalides,[10] which Charles II emulated in the Royal Hospital Chelsea, under a Royal Warrant of 22 December 1681.
Povey had apartments in Whitehall Palace by virtue of his Crown posts. Robert Streater painted a ceiling in Povey's London house, on the west side of Lincoln's Inn Fields; there John Evelyn visited him in July 1664:
Went to see Mr Povey's elegant house in Lincolns-Inn-Fields , where the perspective in his court, painted by Streater, is indeed excellent, with the vases painted in imitation of porphy and fountains...[11]
Pepys noted with approval Povey's neatly-fitted up stables, lined with washable Delft tiles.[12] Povey also inherited from his father Hounslow Priory, situated in a suburban village west of London; it was sold in 1671, and by the end of the 18th century only the chapel remained.[13] He donated to the Royal Society the portrait that he asserted was of the historian George Buchanan and by Titian.[14] In his court appointment as Master of Requests, 1682–85, he received petitions and presented them for consideration by the Privy Council.
Povey advanced the early career of his nephew William Blathwayt, and it is surely due to his influence that his son-in-law Giles Bland was sent to Virginia as customs collector.[15] Some of the paintings from Povey's collection, which hung in his London house or at Hounslow, remain in Blathwayt's house, Dyrham Park, Gloucestershire.
He married Mary, daughter of John Adderly and widow of John Agard of King's Bromley, Staffordshire.
Povey's letter books are conserved in the British Library.[16]
[edit] Notes
- ^ Povey was one of the four eminent London merchants— the others being Martin Noell, Sir Nicholas Crispe and Sir Andrew Riccard— among the courtiers on the board, whose restrictions on colonial trade were resisted from the first by Virginia planters (Joan de Lourdes Leonard, "Operation Checkmate: The Birth and Death of a Virginia Blueprint for Progress 1660-1676", The William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, 24.1 (January 1967:44-74).
- ^ Lillian M. Penson, The Colonial Agents of the British West Indies: A Study in Colonial Administration, Mainly in the Eighteenth Century, 1924: S.S. Webb, "William Blathwayt, Imperial Fixer: From Popish Plot to Glorious Revolution", The William and Mary Quarterly 1968.
- ^ Herbert L. Osgood, The American Colonies in the Seventeenth Century, vol. III:145f.
- ^ Pepys found him a "wretched accountant".
- ^ "Thomas Povey", The Diary of Samuel Pepys, 1893 text
- ^ Eleanore Boswell, "Footnotes to Seventeenth-Century Biographies. Samuel Pepys" The Modern Language Review 26.2 (April, 1931:176-178).
- ^ Bernard Bailyn, "Communications and trade: the Atlantic in the seventeenth century", Journal of Economic History, 1953.
- ^ Norman J.W. Thrower, "Samuel Pepys FRS (1633-1703) and the Royal Society" Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 57.1 (January 2003:3-13) p. 6.
- ^ Povey, "The Method, Manner and Order of the Transmutation of Copper into Brass, etc. by Thomas Povey, Esq; Brought into the Royal Society, of Which He is a Fellow", Philosophical Transactions (1683-1775), Vol. 17, (1693:735-736).
- ^ C.I. Ritchie, "The hostel of the Invalides by Thomas Povey (1682)(Lambeth Palace Library MS. 745)", Medical History, 1966.
- ^ Evelyn, Journal, 1 July 1664.
- ^ Pepys, "His stable, where was some most delicate horses, and the very racks painted, and mangers, with a neat leaden painted cistern and the walls done with Dutch tiles like my chimnies" (Diary); Povey admired the Duke of Newcastle's stabling on a tour of the grand houses of Derbyshire that Povey made in 1688, when he saw "that considerable Prince, the Duke of Newcastle, and his Pallace, Stables, riding Houses and Horses, which are more extraordinarie then are to bee seene in Europe, if the Curiositie and Excellencie of their Manège, Discipline and Methods are to be considered." (quoted in Lucy Worsley and Tom Addyman, "Riding Houses and Horses: William Cavendish's Architecture for the Art of Horsemanship", Architectural History 45 [2002:194-229], p. 194).
- ^ Daniel Lysons, 'Heston', The Environs of London: volume 3: County of Middlesex (1795:22-45): accessed 6 August 2010.
- ^ William Carruthers, "On the so-called portrait of George Buchanan by Titian", The Scottish Historical Review 6.24 (July 1909:337-342).
- ^ Bland soon got into trouble with Governor Berkeley and in Bacon's Rebellion served as Bacon's lieutenant in the attack upon Berkeley at Accomack (Wilcomb E. Washburn, "Sir William Berkeley's 'A History of Our Miseries'" The William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, 14.3 [July 1957:403-413]).
- ^ B.L. Add. Mss 11411.
[edit] External links
- "The hostel of the Invalides by Thomas Povey", (1682) (Lambeth Palace Library MS.745). I. Med Hist. 1966 January; 10(1): 1–22.
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Povey, Thomas |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1613/1614 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | ca. 1705 |
| Place of death | |
1893 text
Thomas Povy, who had held, under Cromwell, a high situation in the Office of Plantations, was appointed in July, 1660, Treasurer and Receiver-General of the Rents and Revenues of James, Duke of York; but his royal master’s affairs falling into confusion, he surrendered his patent on the 27th July, 1668, for a consideration of 2,000l.. He was also First Treasurer for Tangier, which office he resigned to Pepys. Povy, had apartments at Whitehall, besides his lodgings in Lincoln’s Inn, and a villa near Hounslow, called the Priory, which he had inherited from Justinian Povy, who purchased it in 1625. He was one of the sons of Justinian Povy, Auditor-General to Queen Anne of Denmark in 1614, whose father was John Povy, citizen and embroiderer of London.
Annotations
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L&M Companion:
Povey, Thomas (1615-c.1702). Pepys’s colleague on the Tangier Committee… A close friend of Sir Martin Noell, Cromwell’s principal financier, he was active in the Interregnum in the promotion of colonial and trading ventures. He is said to have proposed the establishment of the Committee of Trade in Nov. 1655, and to have been the most effective member of the Council for America (1657). In 1660 he was made Treasurer of the Duke of York’s Household, a member of the Council of Trade, and in 1661 secretary and receiver-general of the Committee of Foreign Plantations. He also held other posts and when he was appointed Treasurer of Tangier in 1663 Pepys came to know him well, and found him incapable (perhaps because of his other commitments) of keeping his accounts in order. In 1665 he resigned his duties to Pepys, making an arrangement whereby they shared the profits equally. In 1686 he tried, without success, to apply the same rule to Pepys’s successor, Will Hewer… At the same time he complained that Pepys had not always paid him his share.
He was an original FRS, skilled in mechanics, a man of taste, and well known for the elaborate formality of his speech and manners. His London house, which Pepys greatly admired, was one of the smaller ones in Lincoln’s Inn Fields built in 1657…
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Thomas Povey
In 1656 was also on a standing committee for the affairs of “his Highness in Jamaica and the West Indies.”
Later having known the Court of Oliver, would criticize that of Charles: here was now “no faith, no truth, no love, nor any agreement between man and wife, no friends.”
(Cromwell…Antonia Fraser.)
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Thomas Povey was the uncle and mentor of William Blathwayt, a prominent civil servant under James II, William and Mary and Queen Anne. (He had learnt Dutch early in his career which helped him remain in favour after 1688.) Blathwayt’s country house, Dyrham Park, near Bath (now National Trust), contains large numbers of items either inherited or bought from Thomas Povey, including the Samuel Van Hoogstraten “perspective piece”, A View Down a Corridor, which is probably the one that Pepys mentions admiring in his diary.
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“As a London merchant-lawyer, Thomas Povey by about 1664-1666 was surveyor-general of the Victualling Dept., and by then he had already been interested as a [Charles Howard, 1st Earl of] Carlisle place-man in deals concerning West Indian islands….Povey was a barrister of Gray’s Inn and a merchant with widespread interests, “well-known for exerting his influence”. His brother Richard was secretary and commissary general of provisions at Jamaica; another brother was William Povey, provost marshal at Barbados.” http://www.danbyrnes.com.au/business/business10.html
Thomas Povey was one of the great merchants in whose career may be traced “[t]he history of the interlocking directorates in the companies of expansion and in the political control of empire….” Root, Winfred T., “The Lords of Trade and Plantations, 1675-1696.” http://www.dinsdoc.com/root-1.htm
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Thomas Povey was an Original Fellow of the Royal Society (20/05/1663), and in 1693 would publish The Method, Manner and Order of the Transmutation of Copper into Brass, etc. By Thomas Povey, Esq; Brought into the Royal Soc. of Which He is a Fellow. Thomas Povey, Philosophical Transactions (1683-1775), Vol. 22, 1700 - 1701 (1700 - 1701), pp. 474-475. http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/content/tr868420u1wutk64/
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More information concerning Povy that may not be in the above…
He had a love of pictures and is described by Evelyn as “a nice contriver of all elegancies and exceedingly formal.” His interests ranged from the “qualities of the herb tea or Chee” to an invention for raising water. He presented rarities from the West Indies to the Royal Society and “curiosities of silk works” for the repository.
In August 64, as a member of the Committee of Correspondence which included Moray, Slingsby, Wilkins, Hooke and Oldenburg he looked at “books of voyages to be pursued for inquires, to be sent onto all parts of the world” with particular ones for the East India Company. Povy’s activities suggest that the virtuosi were eager to combine the curious with the useful.
In April 66 he presented a paper to the Society on the method of painting by Robert Streater who had painted the hall of his Lincoln Inn mansion so that it produced no glare. Streator’s recipe was to combine 3 or 4 eggs with one or two green figs or their branches…although the process had been understood by the ancients; Povy maintained that it had been forgotten.
Painting “hath been the study, delight and ornament of all ages and nations where peace or a civility has not been abandoned.” He suggested a volume that combined history with practice, to look at artists’ “several ways of working, the degrees of improvement of this art, and the rarity of their colours.” He suggested that lesser arts such as bronzing, staining, engraving and etching could be combined as an appendix.
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The above information from Darley’s biography of Evelyn.
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Correction to the above source it should read…
Consuming Splendor by Linda Levy Peck.
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From Parliament :
Auditor Povey, a Protection.
Ordered, That Mr. Auditor Povey shall have the Protection of this House, for the securing his Goods and Horses at Hounsloe, he keeping One of them for a Light Horse; and shall have Liberty to pass and re-pass from London to Hounsloc.
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=37267&strquery=Povey
References in the diary
- 1662
-
Aug: 23
Oct: 22, 27
Dec: 24, 31
- 1663
-
Jan: 19, 22, 24, 26
Feb: 1, 2, 6, 12
Mar: 6, 30
Jul: 24
Aug: 10, 11
Sep: 4, 13
Oct: 19
Nov: 22
- 1664
-
Jan: 11, 21, 25
Feb: 10, 26
Mar: 3, 26, 28, 31
Apr: 14, 16, 19, 29
May: 3, 4, 20, 21, 29
Jun: 22
Jul: 8, 12, 14, 18, 27
Sep: 8, 12, 14, 18, 21
Nov: 24, 28
Dec: 5, 6, 7, 9, 17
- 1665
-
Jan: 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 27, 29, 31
Feb: 2, 3, 8, 15, 16, 17
Mar: 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24, 27, 29, 31
Apr: 2, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 26, 28
May: 1, 5, 12, 16, 17, 23, 24, 27
Jun: 1, 8, 17, 18, 23, 24, 26
Jul: 1, 7, 10, 14, 21
Aug: 7, 20
Sep: 6, 7
Oct: 15, 16
- 1666
-
Jan: 5, 9, 19
Feb: 21
Mar: 14, 16, 27
May: 23
Jun: 9
Jul: 3, 31
Aug: 14, 29
Oct: 13, 15, 19, 20, 22, 27
- 1667
-
Jan: 31
Feb: 11, 20
Mar: 25
May: 14
Jun: 24, 27
Jul: 29
Sep: 10, 12
Dec: 27
- 1668
-
Jan: 27
Jun: 18, 19, 20
Oct: 30
Nov: 1, 2, 5, 6, 16, 18, 21, 23, 27, 30
- 1669
-
Jan: 13, 15, 16, 20
Feb: 1, 4, 10