Daily entries from the 17th century London diary
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Wikipedia
Coordinates: 51°30′16″N 0°7′32″W / 51.50444°N 0.12556°W / 51.50444; -0.12556
The Palace of Whitehall was the main residence of the English monarchs in London from 1530 until 1698 when all except Inigo Jones's 1622 Banqueting House was destroyed by fire. Before the fire it had grown to be the largest palace in Europe, with over 1,500 rooms, overtaking the Vatican and Versailles.[3]
The palace gives its name—Whitehall—to the road on which many of the current administrative buildings of the UK government are situated, and hence metonymically to the central government itself.
- Information about the Palace of Whitehall from the Survey of London: History; Buildings; Banqueting House
- Palace of Whitehall Timeline
- Enlarged 1680 Plan of Whitehall, showing the location of the tennis courts, cockpit, tiltyard on the St James's Park side, and the configuration of buildings on the river side
- View of Whitehall in 1669 showing the Banqueting House and Holbein Gateway
- A historical record of Whitehall Palace
Annotations
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There is an excellent chapter in the book “London: As it might have been”, Barker, F. and Hyde, R., 1982 (ISBN 0-7195-3857-2, John Murray Publishers) dealing with the designs that Inigo Jones created for the redevelopment of Whitehall Palace. These would have been reconsidered during the time that Pepys knew the site, as Charles II was as interested in his father in building a palace more in keeping with his position.
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Christopher Hibbert in his 1969 book, ‘London: Portrait of a City’, gives a vivid account of Whitehall Palace, “the halls and chambers of the royal palace … which … covered acres of ground on the river front between Charing Cross and Westminster Hall. Here had once stood York Place, the London residence of the Archbishops of York, where Cardinal Wolsey had lived in the 1520s in a style as grandiose as that of the royal Court itself…. When Wolsey fell from power, after failing to arrange a speedy divorce for Henry VIII from Catharine of Aragon, York Place, although it belonged to the See of York and not personally to the Cardinal, was taken over, like Hampton Court, by the King. Magnificent as it already was, Henry immediately set about making it finer. He bought additional land from the Abbot of Westminster and other neighbours and extended the grounds behind the Palace to take in acres upon acre of land for his new gardens. He built a new flight of steps to the river, and since the various buildings of the Palace were split in two by the road from London to Westminster he built two splendid bridges across the roadway.
“The beauties of Whitehall Palace, as it now came to be called, were further enhanced by three lofty galleries – the Privy gallery, which had been removed from Wolsey’s mansion at Esher, the Stone Gallery, where the guests at royal banquets could look down upon the river, and the Long Gallery with a ceiling painted by Holbein. In the grounds below were four tennis courts, a bowling green, a cockpit and a tilt yard.” In the tiltyard, to quote from the Encyclopedia of London (1983), “tournaments and bear baiting were arranged as royal entertainments.”
To continue from the same source, “the new property was connected to the old by the Holbein Gate and the King Street Gate which spanned the street. Whitehall became the chief London residence of the court…. During James I’s reign, Inigo Jones and John Webb drew up plans for a huge new palace, but only the Banqueting House was ever completed. Even so, by this time the palace comprised some 2,000 rooms…. In 1698, apparently through the carelessness of a Dutch laundry woman, the old palace was burned to the ground, with only the Banqueting House surviving.”
To this I would just add that there is a superb model of Whitehall Palace at the Museum of London, showing it in its heyday.
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Whitehall Palace:
This book looks like the thing to read if one is interested in further detail:
http://www.yale.edu/yup/books/076398.htmHere’s an online history:
http://www.solutions.co.uk/clients/hrp/bh/hista.htmThe Blue Guide to London says, of Henry VIII’s taking over York Place, “He renamed the palace ‘Whitehall’, a name then generally applied to any centre of festivities,” so it had nothing to do with the color of the walls.
And let’s not forget Shakespeare:
You must no more call it York Place, that’s past:
For, since the cardinal fell, that title’s lost;
‘Tis now the King’s, and call’d Whitehall.
—King Henry VIII, IV, i. -
It was on a scaffold outside the Banqueting House, Whitehall, that King Charles I. was beheaded on Jan. 30, 1649.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/state/monarchs_leaders/charlesi_execution_1.shtml
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Whitehall Palace - According to the works accounts of 1623-4, Isaac de Caus, a fashionable garden designer, grotto builder and engineer, was paid to create a shell grotto in the cellars of Inigo Jones’s Banqueting Hall around this time. This was a Privy cellar or private drinking den for James I and his cronies. It is not clear when it was removed. Maybe Pepys visited it. It certainly sounds like his sort of thing.
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Here’s Macaulay’s description of Whitehall in 1685. The passage gives a vivid impression of the place as Pepys knew it, and can be found at
http://www.strecorsoc.org/macaulay/m03e.html#3e1 .
“Whitehall naturally became the chief staple of news. Whenever there was a rumour that anything important had happened or was about to happen, people hastened thither to obtain intelligence from the fountain head. The galleries presented the appearance of a modern club room at an anxious time. They were full of people enquiring whether the Dutch mail was in, what tidings the express from France had brought, whether John Sobiesky had beaten the Turks, whether the Doge of Genoa was really at Paris These were matters about which it was safe to talk aloud. But there were subjects concerning which information was asked and given in whispers. Had Halifax got the better of Rochester? Was there to be a Parliament? Was the Duke of York really going to Scotland? Had Monmouth really been summoned from the Hague? Men tried to read the countenance of every minister as he went through the throng to and from the royal closet. All sorts of auguries were drawn from the tone in which His Majesty spoke to the Lord President, or from the laugh with which His Majesty honoured a jest of the Lord Privy Seal; and in a few hours the hopes and fears inspired by such slight indications had spread to all the coffee houses from Saint James’s to the Tower.”
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There are pictures of Whitehall Palace in the fantastic collection of London pictures on the historic Guildhall Library’s Collage website at http://collage.nhil.com/
You can search in various ways including putting dates into the “Advanced Search”, or drilling down through the “Places” category.
Just give yourself plenty of time, as there are lots of interesting leads to follow.
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Whitehall (TEL1212) 1669 by Count Magalotti and from Travels of Cosm…
http://www.building-history.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Primary/Magalotti/Whitehall.htm
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The Rocque reference is:
http://www.motco.com/Map/81002/SeriesSearchPlatesFulla.asp?mode=query&artist=384&other=337&x=11&y=11
Whitehall is in the lower right corner of the section.
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Matted Gallery
from L&M Companion entry for Whitehall
On the first floor, roughly parallel to the river, immediately above the Stone Gallery, running from the e. end of the Privy Galley to the staircase leading down to the Bowling Green. For those with business at the palace, it was a convenient semi-private walk. The Duke of York’s closet and chief apartments were reached from it in the ’60s, with subsidiary rooms belonging to him on the floor below. -
Plan of the White hall palace showing it to be a large complex, it even shows where Carlos Rey would sneak over to the apartment No. 32 [of Palmer] down the hallway from No. 7 L. Albermarle [Moncke]. Carlos Rey would enjoy the trip thru the privey across two streets, lots of work.
http://www.londonancestor.com/maps/whitehall-palace.htm -
A painting of Whitehall, London in 1669 from Count L. Magalotti, Travels of Cosmo the Third
http://www.building-history.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Primary/Magalotti/Whitehall.htm
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a view of the shopping mall peeps edition:
http://www.uab.edu/english/hone/etexts/edb/day-pages/023-january23.html#img01westminster
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Hollar, Wencaslas (Czech/British, 1607-1677)
Whitehall Palace; view W, from an inlet of the Thames, with part of Lambeth Marsh on the left, Whitehall Palace, the Banqueting House and Whitehall stairs on the opposite bank, the tower of old St Martin-in-the-Fields, and the SW turret of Suffolk (Northumberland) House on the right, with numerous wherries on the river
Pen and grey ink, tinted with watercolourInscriptions: Inscribed by the artist in grey and brown ink: “White Hall Palatium Regis” and in grey ink: “Thamesis fluvius”
Dimensions: Height: 98 millimetres, Width: 293 millimetres
Curator’s comments
From Hollar’s first period in London 1637-43. Possibly connected with Hollar’s etching ‘Palatium Regis prope Londinum vulgo Whitehall’ (Pennington 1039).Image and additional descriptive text:
http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/search_object_details.aspx?objectid=752107&partid=1&searchText=Tangier&fromADBC=ad&toADBC=ad&numpages=10&orig=%2fresearch%2fsearch_the_collection_database.aspx¤tPage=5
References in the diary
- 1660
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Jan: 3, 5, 10, 13, 17, 19, 21, 23, 24, 26, 28, 30
Feb: 3, 10, 13, 21
Mar: 6, 7
Jun: 9, 11, 29
Jul: 8, 11, 12, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 29, 31
Aug: 1, 4, 6, 7, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 30, 31
Sep: 1, 4, 6, 10, 17, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25
Oct: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 13, 15, 23, 24, 26
Nov: 2, 3, 7, 9, 10, 11, 17, 19, 20, 22, 27, 28
Dec: 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 16, 19, 21, 26, 31
- 1661
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Jan: 1, 4, 5, 10, 16, 19, 22, 31
Feb: 3, 7, 11, 12, 13, 19, 23, 28
Mar: 4, 6, 7, 9, 16, 19, 20, 21, 25
Apr: 6, 7, 13, 19, 20, 22, 29
May: 9, 11, 14, 19, 23
Jun: 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 30
Jul: 24, 30
Aug: 8, 9, 15, 18, 21
Sep: 1, 2, 4, 25, 27, 30
Oct: 4, 18, 21, 23, 25
Nov: 1, 4, 6, 13, 15, 28, 29
Dec: 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 21, 29
- 1662
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Jan: 10, 12, 18, 22
Feb: 28
Mar: 7, 15, 16, 21, 23
Apr: 6, 7, 8, 17, 20, 21, 22
May: 11, 17, 18, 19, 31
Jun: 4
Jul: 11, 26, 30
Aug: 6, 9, 23
Sep: 3, 7, 8, 14, 15, 29
Oct: 2, 6, 8, 20, 27, 30
Nov: 1, 3, 7, 10, 17, 24
Dec: 1, 9, 14, 15, 16, 20, 21, 22, 25, 29, 30, 31
- 1663
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Jan: 1, 4, 5, 12, 19, 25, 26
Feb: 1, 2, 8, 16, 21, 23, 28
Mar: 1, 3, 8, 9, 13, 23
Apr: 3, 8, 10, 12, 13, 20, 25, 27, 30
May: 4, 10, 18, 22, 23
Jun: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 12, 13, 17, 19, 21, 22, 29, 30
Jul: 1, 13, 20, 25, 30
Aug: 10, 12, 13, 17, 19, 21, 26
Sep: 2, 4, 9, 12, 28, 30
Oct: 6, 14, 17, 19, 20
Nov: 2, 6, 9, 16, 20, 22, 24, 25, 30
Dec: 7, 8, 14, 15, 21, 28
- 1664
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Jan: 4, 11, 18, 20, 25
Feb: 1, 10, 15, 17, 22, 24, 25, 29
Mar: 4, 10, 14, 25
Apr: 1, 4, 6, 14, 26, 29
May: 3, 13, 18, 19, 22, 29
Jun: 2, 3, 6, 10, 13, 16, 20, 21, 24
Jul: 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 20, 27
Aug: 3, 7, 12, 17, 22, 24, 26
Sep: 3, 5, 6, 9, 19, 21, 22, 24, 28
Oct: 18, 24, 27, 31
Nov: 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 25, 28, 30
Dec: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12, 17, 19, 26
- 1665
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Jan: 2, 8, 9, 12, 14, 16, 21, 23, 25, 27
Feb: 6, 16, 27
Mar: 10, 13, 20
Apr: 6, 7, 10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, 26
May: 3, 19, 28
Jun: 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 14, 16, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30
Jul: 3, 5, 6, 22
Sep: 20
Oct: 22
Dec: 8, 9
- 1666
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Jan: 5, 26, 31
Feb: 5, 6, 8, 11, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 28
Mar: 7, 11, 14, 21, 24, 28
Apr: 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, 22, 23, 25
May: 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 13, 16, 23, 30, 31
Jun: 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 24, 29
Jul: 12, 15, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28
Aug: 3, 14, 17, 26, 29
Sep: 2, 6, 7, 8, 19, 23, 24, 25, 26
Oct: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 28, 29, 31
Nov: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14, 15, 18, 19, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30
Dec: 1, 2, 5, 14, 16, 19, 23, 26, 27, 28
- 1667
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Jan: 2, 9, 13, 16, 20, 21, 23, 27, 31
Feb: 3, 6