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Sunday 19 January 1661/62

(Lord’s day). To church in the morning, where Mr. Mills preached upon Christ’s being offered up for our sins, and there proving the equity with what justice God would lay our sins upon his Son, he did make such a sermon (among other things pleading, from God’s universal sovereignty over all his creatures, the power he has of commanding what he would of his Son by the same rule as that he might have made us all, and the whole world from the beginning to have been in hell, arguing from the power the potter has over his clay), that I could have wished he had let it alone; and speaking again, the Father is now so satisfied by our security for our debt, that we might say at the last day as many of us as have interest in Christ’s death: Lord, we owe thee nothing, our debt is paid. We are not beholden to, thee for anything, for thy debt is paid to thee to the full; which methinks were very bold words. Home to dinner, and then my wife and I on foot to see Mrs. Turner, who continues still sick, and thence into the Old Bayly by appointment to speak with Mrs. Norbury who lies at (it falls out) next door to my uncle Fenner’s; but as God would have it, we having no desire to be seen by his people, he having lately married a midwife that is old and ugly, and that hath already brought home to him a daughter and three children, we were let in at a back door. And here she offered me the refusall of some lands of her’s at Brampton, if I have a mind to buy, which I answered her I was not at present provided to do. She took occasion to talk of her sister Wight’s making much of the Wights, who for namesake only my uncle do shew great kindness to, so I fear may do us that are nearer to him a great deal of wrong, if he should die without children, which I am sorry for. Thence to my uncle Wight’s, and there we supped and were merry, though my uncle hath lately lost 200 or 300 at sea, and I am troubled to hear that the Turks do take more and more of our ships in the Straights, and that our merchants here in London do daily break, and are still likely to do so. So home, and I put in at Sir W. Batten’s, where Major Holmes was, and in our discourse and drinking I did give Sir J. Mennes’ health, which he swore he would not pledge, and called him knave and coward (upon the business of Holmes with the Swedish ship lately), which we all and I particularly did desire him to forbear, he being of our fraternity, which he took in great dudgeon, and I was vexed to hear him persist in calling him so, though I believe it to be true, but however he is to blame and I am troubled at it. So home and to prayers, and to bed.

Annotations

  • There speaketh the man “…lately married a midwife that is old and ugly…” and after that hearty sermon too.

  • Gambol or gamble for the shippers? “…that our merchants here in London do daily break, and are still likely to do so…” ‘tis that only take a small piece of the action, like any good bettor [better?]. 1660’s wall street.

  • Here it seems that the days of “PC” not yet in vogue, mind first, or would it be mouth that has control. “…which he swore he would not pledge, and called him knave and coward …”. Of course there may a tad of Sam standing his ground because of the Majors appeal to the female of the species.

  • Provocative and a bit disingenuous.
    Sam clearly knew Holmes’ mind about Minnes
    http://www.pepysdiary.com/archive/1661/12/07/index.php
    and even agreed with him, as we read then and now.
    It seems that that Sam’s toast was really intended to keep Holmes out of their ‘fraternity’ (and further from his wife) by baiting him to proclaim himself at odds with their peer, Mennes, in front of Sir W. Batten.
    Then Sam can’t help but gloat “however he is to blame and I am troubled at it.”
    Oh, I doubt it, but a clever maneuver, and well executed.

  • Good point Clement!

  • Did Uncle Wight lose 200/300 men or ships or pounds??? If it were men, did they have any right to “sup and be merry” - I think not!

  • Presumably

  • 22 ships taken, 11 of them English

    according to an L&M footnote. On 27th January the Venetian ambassador reported that a further 2 Rnglish ships had been taken. Not surprising that London merchants were being bankrupted in these circumstances.

  • who lies at (it falls out) next door to my uncle Fenner

  • who lies (it falls out) …..

    At a time when houses, shops etc. did not have street numbers but were defined as being “at the sign of the such-and-such” in a certain street, it would be easy to remain in ignorance of which house neighboured another, unfamiliar, one until one stood almost outside it.

    It is Mrs. Norbury who proves to be Uncle Fenner’s neighbour, not Mrs. Turner. Mrs. Turner is a friend of long standing and is often visited by the Pepyses.

  • “Lord,we owe thee nothing,our debt is paid.We are not beholden to , thee for anything”
    Seems pretty original to me! can we guess his religious tendency if any? would someone with a background in theology comment.

  • “our debt is paid” —

    I parse this to mean that the preacher is saying that those who “have interest in Christ’s death” — i.e., those who accept Christian doctrine — need do nothing more to be saved on Judgment Day. But I readily admit to great ignorance of religion, and would welcome correction and elucidation by someone who knows better.

  • “my uncle hath lately lost 200 or 300 at sea”

    Of course it’s always hard to lose substantial amounts of money - but there were marine insurances at the time. Maritime insurance is supposedly an Italian invention (I haven’t been able to find anything relevant on the www - but maybe I should have looked harder). In the 16th and 17th c this kind of insurance could normally be obtained in some specialized coffee shops in London, one of which was named after its owner: “Lloyds”…

  • Insurance: Acts of Gods and Corsairs may not have be covered.

  • Lloyds of London
    Vincent is right (as ever!) - even in the 20th century, Lloyds were refusing to insure against Acts of God (earthquake, tsunamis etc) or Turkish pirates! Not sure if this at present extends to pirates today who still exist - well in the waters to the north of us anyway. Us being Australia.
    On the subject of the sermon: Sam’s reaction puzzled me. I had always taken him to be pretty much a Calvinist and thus queasy about any of what we would now call high Church practices (although we did not establish whether he sang the liturgy or something else when joining in at the Abbey recently - singing the liturgy would be seen as high Church then) But here he is not feeling comfortable listening to Calvinist doctrine being preached. Sam is a puzzle sometimes, but that, of course, is one reason why we are all here reading him delightedly! Jim’s comments are excellent - many thanks.

  • Lloyds and insurance.

    Let’s not get ahead of ourselves (and Uncle Wight). Edward Lloyd did not open his coffee house on Tower Hill until 1687. Uncle W. may have made efforts to ‘lay off’ part of his risk in the voyage, but this won’t have been done through Lloyds.

  • Can someone continue to explain the religious sermon? Was Mills talking about the doctrine of Original Sin, that all babies are born sinful, and that Christ’s sacrifice ended that. In other words, salvation lies in your own actions in life or through the grace of God because you are starting with a clean sheet?

  • Dirk: “Of course it

  • “piracy” still a popular trade in this 21st century, in the likes of the Straights like those of Malacca, Hormoz, Madagacy. Still many like to get wealth the old fashioned way.
    ‘Break’ still in vogue for the Kiddies as Papa breaks the Piggy bank, physically or figuratively.

  • Mills’s Sermon
    Mills is more likely to be referring to Calvinist theology rather than the doctrine of original sin (cf. Genesis 3: 22-24).Christ died to redeem humankind and by His one sacrifice obtaining everlasting life for humankind. Paul developed the theology of justification by faith alone in Romans. Often Paul is quoted out of context. You really need to read solid chunks of Romans to appreciate the development of his arguments, at least Chapters 5 to 10 as one complete passage. Calvinists developed from Paul’s discussions in Romans, the doctrine of predestination - that from birth, God chooses you for everlasting life or everlasting torment and your actions cannot alter this. Calvinist theology with its rigidity and absolutes appealed to many in the 16th and 17th centuries in England and Scotland: in a human world alive with uncertainties as to diseases, death and disaster, they wanted certainities to shore them up. Mills seems to be using something of the same type of argument (see Romans 5, especially the first verses and v. 10: “we were reconciled to God through the death of His Son”). The argument about the potter and the clay have echoes of Jeremiah (Ch 18), where God speaks to Jeremiah using the analogy of God as potter and humankind as clay which needs to be reworked to be made good: “Just like clay in the potter’s hand, so are you in my hands, O house of Israel”. Sam would certainly have received Calvinist-inspired faith instruction in his youth at Huntingdon School and at St Paul’s School, but seems uneasy about Mills’s sermon today, which, to my mind, seems strange. Sam, as ever, is a man of surprises.

  • Maritime insurance

    “Lombard merchants introduced maritime insurance to London in the 16th century and it flourished somewhat haphazardly around Lombard Street until the establishment of Lloyd’s Coffee House where insurers and merchants met to trade risks.”
    http://www.londontourist.org/historic.html

    “It is believed that at some time during 1688 Lloyd

  • “…our debt is paid…” I’m a little surprised our Sam didn’t jump at that one or at least show a hopeful interest in the idea that we owe God nothing at Judgement Day thanks to dear old JC.

  • I agree that the sermon sounds quite Calvinist. God’s sovereignty is one of the the biggest distinctives of Calvinism, and the potter / clay motif is even today a favorite Calvinist device for stressing that. Cromwell and the Puritans were Calvinist, so this would be quite familiar language to Sam.

    Perhaps his discomfort with the sermon is related to Sam’s adult alliance with the Anglican / royalist side, and the preacher reminds him more of his youth?

  • Sam is just a Practical man. Knows when to tack. Besides which, vino/teatro is more accommodating and fun than a Sermon on other mans’ weakness for an aked head.

  • “Turks do take more and more of our ships in the Straights,”

    (Sandwich)

  • Mills Sermon. I took this as evidence that Sam isn’t bounded firmly in either Calvinist theology or Anglican (Liturgical) tradition. A person with a liturgical background and belief from the Anglican or Roman Catholic tradition would have just this amazement that Christ’s Crucifixion is complete and sufficient payment for Man’s Sins (Original and other).

    I think Mills is using a small bit of hyperbole to demonstrate the power of Justification by Faith

  • Debate: Deist,atheism ,agnostic, Calvinist RC, Hi. Church- Anglican, Low church ,Puritan etc.,tis food for the times. If fading memory serves me , Sam and Mumsy had a interesting excange before she caused a distraction over the wiley maid and Papa ?
    Only Recently did the Lords of the Church, get to have a say in who pays the bills.

  • On the Sermon - Interesting discussion on Mr. Pepys’ theology, but I haven’t read any of his stuff since College days and just found this site the other day so I’m a little lost in the progression you are discussing.

    Coming to it a little cold: It seemed to me that he was not really arguing against the theology in the sermon, but against the boldness or attitude implied in the sermon.

    I think that a Reformed or Calvinist perspective would argue that you cannot truly say that one cannot change one’s destiny for Salvation or Damnation by one’s actions because (1) no act of ours could save us, and (2) being unsaved, one would not act against one’s nature and so earn or attempt to earn salvation. If one cannot even choose to believe God by one’s own strength (spiritual death) until one is brought to life by God according to His own pleasure, then there would be no ability to attempt to reconcile with God.

    Not to change the subject too far, but an alternative Protestant view is that Christ was The Elect One and that we have the choice to either accept the free gift of Salvation - through Him - or reject it.

    As to Catholicism - as a former RC, we were taught that Christ’s sacrifice was efficient, but not sufficient. A believer is not saved by faith unto good works, but by faith and necessary good works, including the regular receipt of sacraments such as communion hosts, confesion, the mass, etc.

    Anyway - what I thought made Sam uncomfortable with the sermon was the attitude - would someone who was saved by Christ’s sacrifice from the damnation that another would have earned for the same sins in life then stand boldly before God and proclaim that nothing was owed! If you were truly saved and aware of the enormous debt of gratitude (at least) owed to an Almighty God who had reached down and plucked you from the edge of the pit into which you were sliding with no power in yourself to save yourself, it would seem a different attitude would be expected.

    Cheers,

    Jim

  • Thanks, Jim, thanks tld for your erudite contributions to this debate! I think tld’s comment “I

  • back to Pirates: we firget the dreeded Morgan :Sir Henry Morgan (c. 1635 - August 25, 1688) was a privateer of Welsh birth, who made a name in the Caribbean as a leader of buccaneers and roughnecks , especially Jamaica the skirge of the Spanish Main.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Morgan:
    Then be those flyers from Netherlands the Dutch corsairs (pechelingues) that raided the Spanish interests in the West Indies 1608-09 :
    The Pirates of yester year and/or now are one and the same, looking for an easy money created by someone else. It was a good reason that Sam had a job because if trade did not need the peelers of the sea, the Carlos II of England etc., would have fired the lot.

  • All very well, but “pechelingues” seems to be short for “pidgin english language”, so they cannot have been Dutch then, can they ? Our Dutch pirates would have used the “kings’ english” while raiding british ships, i am sure.


    http://oreneta.com/kalebeul/2004/11/15/pirates-and-kleineckes-etymology-of-pidgin/

  • “Our Dutch pirates would have used the

  • Dear Hat…No such thing ?

    The article says:
    “The word Pichingli (or Pichingle) is certainly an echo of the Pidgin English of the Far East.”
    “pidgin English, known as pichi, pichinglis or broken-inglis”

    Otherwise do trust your first impressions about my comments
    ;-)).

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