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Wednesday 8 February 1659/60

A little practice on my flageolet, and afterwards walking in my yard to see my stock of pigeons, which begin now with the spring to breed very fast. I was called on by Mr. Fossan, my fellow pupil at Cambridge, and I took him to the Swan in the Palace yard, and drank together our morning draft. Thence to my office, where I received money, and afterwards Mr. Carter, my old friend at Cambridge, meeting me as I was going out of my office I took him to the Swan, and in the way I met with Captain Lidcott, and so we three went together and drank there, the Captain talking as high as ever he did, and more because of the fall of his brother Thurlow. Hence I went to Captain Stone, who told me how Squib had been with him, and that he could do nothing with him, so I returned to Mr. Carter and with him to Will’s, where I spent upon him and Monsieur L’Impertinent, alias Mr. Butler, who I took thither with me, and thence to a Rhenish wine house, and in our way met with Mr. Hoole, where I paid for my cozen Roger Pepys his wine, and after drinking we parted. So I home, in my way delivering a letter which among the rest I had from my Lord to-day to Sir N. Wheeler. At home my wife’s brother brought her a pretty black dog which I liked very well, and went away again. Hence sending a porter with the hamper of bottles to the Temple I called in my way upon Mrs. Jem, who was much frighted till I came to tell her that her mother was well. So to the Temple, where I delivered the wine and received the money of my cos. Roger that I laid out, and thence to my father’s, where he shewed me a base angry letter that he had newly received from my uncle Robert about my brother John, at which my father was very sad, but I comforted him and wrote an answer. My brother John has an exhibition granted him from the school. My father and I went down to his kitchen, and there we eat and drank, and about 9 o’clock I went away homewards, and in Fleet Street, received a great jostle from a man that had a mind to take the wall, which I could not help?1 I came home and to bed. Went to bed with my head not well by my too much drinking to-day, and I had a boil under my chin which troubled me cruelly.

  1. This was a constant trouble to the pedestrian until the rule of passing to the right of the person met was generally accepted. Gay commences his “Trivia” with an allusion to this—
    “When to assert the wall, and when resign—”
    and the epigram on the haughty courtier and the scholar is well known.

9 Feb 1660 7 Feb 1660

Temperature: 4°C / 39°F (Feb 1660 avg.)

Also on this day

In Earls Colne, Essex

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  • “Can’t tell the players without a scorecard”

    (cliche phrase in America)

    According to Robert Latham’s index volume (11) to the Latham & Matthews version of the Diary:

    CHARLES CARTER — apparently a minister and former classmate at Magdalene College: “Rector of Irthlingborough, Northants, 1664-75 … Chaplain to Bishop of Carlisle.” Nice name, “Irthlingborough.” What do you call someone from “Irthlingborough”? And do people from “Irthlingborough” constantly get asked to be taken to their leader? And how long ago did they get sick of being asked that?

    CAPTAIN ROBERT LIDCOTT — “republican army officer.” Latham references “note 3” at this point in the Diary. Can anyone tell us what it says?

    SIR WILLIAM WHELER????? — This seems to be Latham’s identification of “Sir N. Wheeler” — meaning either Pepys or Latham got the name really, really wrong. (But Pepys is the one who’s been drinking today; Latham’s boozing habits are unknown.) Latham says he’s “of Westminster; helps in Sandwich’s financial affairs.” Hmmmmm. Montagu is moving money around? Why?

    CAPTAIN JOHN STONE — Latham says he’s an official of the Exchequer under the Commonwealth and he “advises in dispute concerning Downing.” Either Stone or Pepys extricate themselves from the matter at this point, because this seems to be the last of three times Stone appears in the diary. Bye, John!

    ARTHUR SQUIBB JR. “claims tellership in the Exchequer,” Latham says. Downing was officially one of the four tellers of the Exchequer, so Squibb may be claiming some high government appointment at a time when the government is in confusion.

    Perhaps the clerks not wanting to irk a possible future boss — but not knowing Squibb’s real authority?? — are diplomatically trying to figure out what to do with the guy while whatever questions surrounding his “claim” are sorted out. The rational response would be to kick the question upstairs and tell the guy they can’t do anything without approval from higher authorities. Government bureaucrats in the U.S. government traditionally say that kind of decision is “above my pay grade.”

    Now, Dear Reader, I’ve helped you understand who these people are. All this effort on my part (essentially, rewriting) and Latham’s part (scholarly research) is only useful if you can use it to figure out something intelligent about these characters. Can you? (Don’t try too hard.)

  • Good show, DQ. On other fronts:

    Curious that Sam has a head on him by bedtime (the boil making it seem worse), when this day seems no heavier, tipplingwise, than several recently.

    What is the “epigram on the haughty courtier and the scholar” no longer so well-known to us? (Perhaps easy enough to imagine.)

    Am I right in thinking that, at this period, keeping the wall would also keep you out of the muck in the kennel, the running gutter which coursed on either side of many London streets?

    One wonders how the little black dog will fare among the pigeons.

  • Monk’s arrival certainly riled up the hornet’s nest of London, and in turn the affairs of our Samuel seem equally intense.

    As you note, David, Montagu’s money may be moving about, no one knows what to do with Squibb (and thus Downing), etc. High and low officials are sizing up connections, acquaintances are crawling out of the wood work, and the very act of frequenting too many drinking establishments promotes one conclusion: all men of substance are out gathering together whatever scraps of information they can to make sure they’re on the “right side” of the new political reality.

    In such circumstances a hangover may very well be in order.

  • One walked against the wall in order to avoid slops that were being disposed of out windows above. Gentlemen walked on the streetside of a lady in order to protect her, and absorb any offal from above or otherwise.

  • “the hamper of bottles to the Temple” ;
    maybe a little inside information ?
    Pigeons : They were for sending messages to key people:
    Mail with coded messages :
    Are we trying to find out Monck intensions?
    “MI5 CIA” of the day? or am I reading too much into this

  • Pigeons

    The pigeons were probably for eating. There are several period pigeon recipes here:

    http://www.godecookery.com/engrec/engrec.html

  • pigeons: terrible eating. Need a lot for a pie.

  • pigeons: used as messengers since 776BC Google give lots of sites on messenger pigeon, they are used for a great sport of for racing and betting. Remember this is a time of great intrigue. Tyburn is just down the road.
    a site > href=”http://www.deadmedia.org/notes/4/046.html

  • Note 1 :Passing on the right passing met still causes problems. Right hand Drive or Left Hand drive? it seperates UK from USA.
    Then it was the sewage in the center and protection from the over hang of the first floor (or is the second?) also the sword hand and southpaws could be a problem that is in seeing the hand holding the weapon.

  • JOHN GAY (1685

  • Why was Mrs Jem ‘much frighted’? Sam seems to call in on her household virtually every day - why would she be worried today?

  • “and thence to a Rhenish wine house”

    This is almost certainly the “Old Rhenish Wine House” which Pepys visited earlier in the week, it is in “King Street” which has its own annotation. (For King Street, click on “Background Reading” and then “Places”.)

  • These pigeons are for eating

    Carrier pigeons would take a lot of training and that wouldn’t be Pepys’ job. These are just being raised to be eaten (they ate a wider variety of meats in those days). Pepys is involved in sending and receiving coded messages but carrier pigeons weren’t needed.

  • I’m wondering why young Mrs Jem is in London alone when (if I have it right) her parents are both in the country.

  • Maybe pigeon tastes better when it’s called squab—-a fledgling about 4 weeks old, says Webster’s, though the term—-if not the eating—-goes back only to 1664.

  • …why young Mrs Jem is in London…
    Click on the Mrs. Jem link in the diary entry to find out who she is and why she is in London.

  • Lawson of the rude cartoon in the exchange.
    Reading James Scott Wheeler’s The Making of a World Power-war and the military revolution in seVenteenth century England, It seems that in 1660 the Restoration Parliament appointed a John Lawson as a Treasurer of war to disband England’s large standing army as then the nation was at peace. He paid the soldier’s arrears honestly and comes across as a man of integrity. If this is the same Lawson of the cartoon to be thus depicted seems most unfair!

  • squab:
    “the term

  • `A little practice on my flageolet …’

    The instrument may have been quite new , as Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary (10e) — describing it as `a small fipple flute resembling the treble recorder’ — gives the date of first known appearance in print as 1659.

  • More skinny on squab:
    “The several breeds of squab or domesticated pigeon are not to be confused with their wild relatives, which have dark meat and a gamy flavor. In medieval times, manorial dovecotes provided a welcome supply of fresh meat in early spring (explains Sam’s interest)…killed when they are about 4 weeks old and barely fledged. (Once pigeons have been on the wing for a while, their muscles toughen).”
    Included is a recipe for squab with rice: “this unusual dish from Shakespeare’s day is taken from a cookbook published in 1609.” The squabs are cooked with a rice pudding, seasoned with sugar and mace. Don’t think it necessary to paint with a broader brush. jgs
    From Time-Life “The Good Cook;Poultry”

  • Yet more on pigeons…

    The pigeons which infest North America are not native to the New World. They were brought over from Europe to be raised as food.

  • Uncle Robert’s “base, angry letter”

    The reaction of Sam and his father to this letter is interesting: He doesn’t tell us the letter about John is unjustified; his father’s attitude is sadness (not anger) — which must have been at least a bit sharp for Sam to be consoling him; Sam then writes the response.

    Being the most educated member of the family, Sam would be able to write the letter most carefully. Claire Tomalin says that angering Uncle Robert was regrettable since he might leave Sam’s end of the family tree something in his will — and therefore had to be humored (“Unequalled Self,” p 96).

    Does Pepys approach to his uncle display some cold calculation? I suspect that’s the way he thinks about his relatives, especially after his description of the 26 Jan. party at Montagu’s lodgings.

    That nothing at all is said about the reason for Uncle Robert’s anger indicates to me that Pepys was probably embarrassed. Whatever the case, we get no hint of anyone being insulted at the “base” letter.

    Webster’s New World Dictionary gives one definition of “base” as “showing little or no honor, courage, or decency; mean; ignoble; contemptible,” and, perhaps more to the point: “base implies a putting of one’s own interests ahead of one’s obligations, as because of greed or cowardice.” (The Oxford English Dictionary would be a better source.) It could just indicate that Uncle Robert showed “no class” as we’d say in America. Maybe he was really, really mad.

    Robert’s letter may have been in response to a request for help from Sam’s father in financing John in college (making the “exhibition” that just came in much more of a relief).

    Another point: Pepys also doesn’t report anger or his response to the jostling he received on his way home that night (or maybe, drinking too much, he was somehow to blame — he says he couldn’t help it). A touchy man might have gotten into a fight — or expressed anger in his diary at a “base” letter, no matter how justified.

  • “…Mrs. Jem, who was much frighted…”
    From Claire Tomalin’s book:

  • I actually come from a home of squabs.

    The local “Pigeon Plant” which I think is closed now, was a very large one, shipping out birds to many locales.

    We used to eat Sunday lunches at the Elks Club sometimes and deliciously prepared squab was often on the menu.

    Either squab, or Cornish Game Hen, was the featured item at my own wedding breakfast, but at this distance in time I forget which. Tasty little birds, anyway.

  • Lesson: Always Google First

    No, it appears the Palmetto Pigeon Plant still exists, actually - though I only found a price list for quail (the Southern American “Bob Whites,” I presume).

    And I found the following note which indicates how Sam could have kept his pigeons happy - with a little toke:

    ‘In 1957, W. M. Levi, who during 1917-8 had been a first lieutenant in charge of the Pigeon Section, U.S. Signal Corps, and president of the Palmetto Pigeon Plant from 1923 to 1956, also referred to the effects of hemp seeds on pigeons: “In addition to the actual physical effect produced upon the bird’s body, its feeding has a decided beneficial psychological effect upon the bird’s happiness. Pigeons fed sparingly with a little hemp in the middle of the day during the moulting season take a new interest in life which is almost inconceivable” (Levi, The Pigeon, p. 499). ‘

  • Another tangent: Colette’s mother, Sido, attested to the effect of hempseed on wild birds. (Avian catnip?)

  • What a revelation … to think of all the seeds discarded over the years! 8^)

  • Re: Passing on the right…
    If you pass someone on their right, and they on yours, then you are walking on the left side of the path. Traditionaly, (until Napoleon’s time) everyone rode or drove on the left also (even American colonialists) so that they passed sword-hand to sword-hand. It also made it more convenient to shake hands on horseback, for the less defensive/beligerent.
    There is a story (apocryphal?) that Napoleon made his armies march on the right so that from afar, his enemies thought he was retreating when he was actually advancing. This then became the norm for continental Europe and for revolutionary America.

  • Passing on the right

    Here’s info from the _New Scientist_ about passing on the right:

    http://journals.iranscience.net:800/www.newscientist.com/www.newscientist.com/lastword/article.jsp@id=lw614

  • The weakest goes to the wall

    This saying was the title of an anoymous English play of 1600 “The Weakest Goeth to the Wall”. It also is used in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. Note this dialogue (Act 1, scene 1):

    “SAMPSON
    A dog of that house shall move me to stand. I will take the wall of any man or maid of Montague’s.


    GREGORY
    That shows thee a weak slave, for the weakest goes to the wall.”

    ne annotator notes:
    “City streets, lacking pavements and slanted to a kennel (or channel) running down the centre, were the dumping grounds for refuse; the wall-side was therefore cleaner and safer and was claimed by people of rank or by anyone (like Sampson) who wanted to pick a fight.”

  • “The weak go to the wall”

    Is Steve correct about that? I’m confused because surely going to the wall is a good thing (not a bad thing) if you are walking down a dirty street.

    Nowadays the phrase “the weak goes to the wall” sounds like something ruthless. For example in business where a firm goes bankrupt. But I’ve been told that originally it was a compassionate thing - that in medieval churches the congregation had to stand through the service. But if you were old or infirm you could “go to the wall” where there was a ledge you could rest against or a bench you could sit on.

    Can anyone settle this?

    By the way, has anyone here walked down a crowded street and refused to step aside for someone coming in the other direction, or maybe deliberately barged into them? Or is that just confined to rude Londoners like Sam?

  • I think the dialogue from Romeo and Juliet illustrates both meanings in a typical Shakespearean word play.
    Sampson says he will “take the wall” i.e. stand in the way, of the Montagues.
    Gregory then puts down Sampson by turning his boast around, saying that only “the weak go to the wall”.
    Pepys was using the first meaning, but apparently it is the second one which has survived until now.

  • Take the wall

    Sorry to be a little late with this but language hat seems to have let us down here :) The OED has:

    “to give a person the wall: to allow a person the right or privilege of walking next the wall as the
    cleaner and safer side of a pavement, sidewalk, etc. Similarly,

    to have, take the wall (of a person), to have, take the inside position.”

  • Interesting…I was told by a guide in some anonymous old castle or other that the spiralling stairs always go to the right, so as to allow for the sword arm of the defender (who would presumably have the higher position on the staircase).

  • Could the weak going to the wall not be about passing in the street at all but about a fight or battle where the weaker person might well want his back to the wall.

  • House of Lords: Pigeon pie offered by the House???house of lords 12 Jun 2000 : Column 1371
    http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199900/ldhansrd/vo000612/text/00612-03.htm#00612-03_head0
    Lord McIntosh of Haringey: My Lords, is the noble Baroness suggesting that restaurants serve pigeons from Trafalgar Square?
    Baroness Trumpington: My Lords, yes.
    Lord McIntosh of Haringey: My Lords, I am appalled at that suggestion. I should have thought that they would be too tough and taste too unpleasant

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